Implementation Of Green Supply Chain Management Practises In Wincanton Company UK

Student Number:

Abstract

It is the goal of this study to figure out how management can deal with a circumstance like this and eradicate the climate change problem, which is sensible in light of the research’s primary concern. Green supply chain management and its relevance for the UK’s Wincanton Company’s operating procedures are the primary focus of this study.

A survey of Wincanton Company’s 30 UK workers was conducted by the researcher using accessible sample methods. Pragmatism has helped the researcher in the organisation locate and perhaps uncover the most authentic and clear information and data from the market. The researcher was able to discover the most effective and expected results and information for learners and future researchers by using the thematic analysis approach.

The findings show that logistics, including supply chain methods and measures to reduce the environmental impact of freight transit, play an important role in modern transportation networks. Logistics and transportation are at the heart of all of the major concerns. Distribution network approaches such as production planning, material processing, and physical distribution are all part of green logistics. Green logistics solutions may be found in production planning, material handling, and physical distribution. Green procurement, energy efficiency, rainwater collecting, and the use of biodegradable bags in place of plastic packaging are just some of the practises employed in the distribution operations business to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and waste. This industry has adopted sustainability concepts such as supply chain optimization and the carbon cycle.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Research Background

Researchers, professionals, and organizations have increased their study on green supply chain management (GSCM) in recent years because of their rising interest and knowledge of sustainable development challenges such as warming. Environmental issues resulting from waste and emissions generated by various supply chain operations have prompted firms to adopt appropriate green management methods (Sarkis, Zhu and Lai, 2011). As a result, businesses must be prepared to answer inquiries regarding the environmental sustainability of their production products and supply chain policies like Wincanton Company.

GSCM methods benefit both the economic and environmental profitability of a firm. Numerous corporate organizations can leverage Among the several GSCM activities, it may be classified as reactionary to proactive practices that are executed via different Re-s including such reduce, reusing, rework, refurbishment, recapture, recycling, reconditioning, and reverse supply. The use of GSCM procedures is designed to improve environmental performance as measured by the reduction of environmental emissions (Habib et al., 2021), the management of liquid waste, the management of household waste, and the use of hazardous materials. When it comes to offering long-term effective solutions for each of its industry areas, The Wincanton Way goes above and beyond. With over 200 sites throughout the UK (Merkestein and Lindeque, 2020), Wincanton is a prominent supplier of supply chain solutions for British companies. From more than 200 sites around the United States, Wincanton’s 19,600-strong workforce uses 3,500 cars.

1.2 Problem Statement

An organization’s environmental objectives are satisfied when raw materials and manufacturing techniques used in sustainable green purchasing are used. To reduce their effect on the environment, companies may provide preference to suppliers that recycle, dispose of trash, and reuse resources (Green et al., 2012). Such reasons may help to put weight on other supplier businesses to implement similar ecological aims to become much more durable and appealing to shareholders, and hence more creditworthy. A company can improve both its environmental and economic benefits by using GSCM procedures. Companies may achieve financial and operational share targets while decreasing environmental expenditures and ensuring ecologically friendly operations thanks to the introduction of GSCM, which is a revolutionary new technique.

Using GSCM may be useful for the company since it may serve as a source of revenue for the company. In this regard, the main concern of this research is to evaluate the impact of the green supply chain development in a company context. In this regard, the problem of this research is to examine the green perception of the management of a company and the green exportation of raw materials in the organizational context of Wincanton Company. Therefore, through this analysis, the actual situation of an organization comes to the forefront of valid research.

1.3 Research Aim and Objectives

Aim

The main aim of this research is to examine the impact of green supply chain management and its significance over the operational procedure of Wincanton Company of the UK.

Objectives

Based on the Aim of this research the objectives are presented below:

To understand the importance of green supply chain management in Wincanton Company of UK

To Analysis the demand of the green supply chain management to reduce climate change issues

To identify the challenges of the green supply chain management

To recognise the theoretical underpinning of GSCM

1.4 Research Questions

Q1. What are the factors that can create pressure to initiate green supply chain management?

Q2. How could the organisation be helped by implementing the CSGM in the operational process?

Q3. What are the possible barriers to implementing the CSGM?

Q4. What are the sustainable theoretical approaches for green supply chain management?

1.5 Rationale of the Research

In its broadest sense, “green supply chain management” (GSCM) refers to the practice of reducing environmental impact throughout the supply chain. This includes product design and development, order fulfilment and selection, production processes, among other things (Laosirihongthong, Adebanjo and Tan, 2013). In developing nations, most businesses and organizations use global supply chain management (GSCM) to decrease the environmental effect of their different business operations, rather than taking a proactive approach to reducing the sources of waste and pollution. This revolt has been spurred by environmental laws implemented by the government. As a result of the environmental degradation caused by waste creation, ecological disruptions, and resource scarcity, several industrial organizations have embraced green supply chain management (GSCM) methodologies in the Wincanton Company.

Therefore, in this regard, this research is to identify the facts behind the supply chain management and how the management can cope with such a situation to eliminate the climate issue which is rational as per the main problem of the research in the selected organizational context.

1.6 Significance of the Research

The GSCM practices concept was developed to evaluate a company’s environmental protection capabilities. Wincanton Company in the United Kingdom, which aspires to increase its prospects of developing a share of the market in international trade, believes that putting GSCM practices in place is essential (Cazeri et al., 2017). Therefore, through this extensive level of research, the reader, as well as the researcher, can get a wide level of knowledge and know the facts regarding the company context. Therefore, this research is significant enough as per the fixed aim and objectives.

1.7 Research Structure

Chapter One establishes the study’s goal and scope and details the research methodology. This chapter summarizes the context of the study and justifies the research field decision. Additionally, the first chapter discusses the study’s purpose and goals, as well as the research framework.

Chapter two is a literature review, analysing existing models and ideas in the topic. This chapter describes key terms and describes a secondary data search strategy. This chapter covers many authors’ perspectives on research and the research problem in specific.

The methodology is the focus of Chapter Three. Explains how to conduct a scientific study and discusses research philosophy in this chapter. The methodology part also explains study design and data gathering procedures. This chapter covers the study’s sampling and ethical issues.

The next chapter is based on findings that have gathered the various data and analysis based on the proposed methods based on the methodology

Chapter Five is a debate and analysis. This section is vital in achieving the research goals. It compares results from the research study to findings from primary data.

Chapter six describes the study goal and aims. The chapter acknowledges the study’s shortcomings and proposes future research opportunities.

Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Concept and Importance of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM)

During the early phases of the industrial revolution, pollution from industry was not a major concern as it is now, and no professionals attempted to engage the inquiry into environmental risks as soon as possible. Prior to the industrial revolution, Supply Chain Management was always viewed as an effort to maximise profits while keeping costs down, and to reduce waste in the production of the essential commodities for company (Kerber and Dreckshage, 2017).

For the environment, green supply chain management (GSCM) strategies can have a significant impact. Using less energy in the supply chain means less carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere. CO₂ is a major greenhouse gas that is responsible for global warming and is emitted by a variety of human activities, from industrial processes to driving automobiles (Al‐Ghussain, 2019). The commercial fishing industry, for example, is already feeling the effects of climate change, as is the forestry industry. Businesses can do a great deal to reduce or stop global warming and secure a bright future for our world by making the move to more sustainable practises.

To further decrease waste and save non-renewable resources, green supply chain strategies are implemented. Because businesses who use recycled paper goods instead of plastic avoid putting waste into landfills and vulnerable ecosystems, they are lowering their dependence on petroleum-based materials at the same time. In order to reduce fuel consumption, they can improve the efficiency of loading trucks and enforce tougher rules on driving speed and idling. Furthermore, they protect future generations’ access to resources by adhering to principles of environmentally sound agriculture and forestry (Tseng et al., 2019). GSCM practises are more than only good for the health of our planet. It’s crucial to the long-term viability of businesses and communities.

2.2 Emerging Demand of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices

Climate Change and Global Warming

People throughout the world face a growing threat from global warming and climate change. Since the global temperature is steadily rising, worldwide organisations have been urging global companies to take action to limit carbon emissions, which is causing the loss of habitats of several species. Because of this, many species are rapidly disappearing, causing an imbalance in the ecosystem. Global warming, according to Charnley et al. (2021), might result in more frequent and severe drought, an increase in disease outbreaks, acidification of the oceans, and a rise in death rates.

Climate change and global warming pose a growing danger to the world population, and it is imperative that action be taken now to cut carbon emissions. In addition, flooding and heat waves caused by climate change, according to Ullah et al. (2019), might lead to the destruction of crops and property. It’s imperative that companies take action to minimise their carbon emissions since climate change can have a direct impact on world health.

Environmental Degradation and Logistic Operations

Logistics and supply chain companies primarily focus on delivering raw materials and finished commodities from one point to another. However, because these logistics companies run their trucks on fossil fuel, they use a lot of natural resources and emit a lot of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

In response to the fast expansion of global enterprises, industrial activity is on the rise (Aiginger and Rodrik, 2020). The use of cars to meet the needs of industry is also on the rise. The environmental impact of logistics operations is becoming more and more of an issue. 30 per cent of worldwide CO₂ emissions are attributed to international trade-related transportation operations, according to the International Transport Forum (ITF) (Itf-oecd.org, 2021). As a result, the global supply chain and logistical services are linked to environmental deterioration inextricably.

Emerging Need for Logistics in The Economy

Industrial operations rely heavily on logistics services, from large to small businesses, to supply raw materials or deliver produced items from warehouses to retail outlets. Increasingly, multinational corporations are constructing new offices in emerging and underdeveloped countries and employing local staff to manage their operational responsibilities as a result of globalisation. Firms’ internationalisation is helping the poor world’s economies expand faster, according to the findings of Allen et al. (2020). The global economy is steadily growing, and globalisation is one of the primary aspects that contribute favourably to the growth of the global economy by offering possibilities for new talent in emerging and backward countries.

2.3 Opportunities with implementation of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Management Practices

Advances in Science and Technology

Technological advancements are making it possible for businesses to more readily embrace sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chain strategies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Business Analytics are helping companies better understand the requirements and wants of their consumers (Khrais, 2020). Thus, companies may produce fashionable and demanding clothing that reduces the need for shipping in order to handle consumer returns. It is possible to build good contact with supply chain partners thanks to digital technologies, as stated by Agrawal and Narain (2018). With the rise of virtual cooperation, it is becoming easier to hold meetings without the need for travel. Modern technologies have a positive impact on corporate processes by speeding them up.

Sustainable and Green Purchasing

The use of raw materials and processes that assure the achievement of an organization’s environmental goals is referred to as ‘sustainable and green purchasing.’ Companies should prioritise suppliers who recycle, manage waste, and reuse resources in order to lessen their environmental effect (Esmaeilifar et al., 2020). These motivations can assist in exerting influence on other supplier companies to adhere to the same environmental standards in order to become more sustainable and attractive to investors.

Firms and their suppliers must adhere to environmental protection measures to guarantee Sustainable and Green buying and the total environmental effect of the organisation can be greatly minimised (Seman et al., 2019). Pressure is being exerted by the governments of numerous countries to lower their overall environmental effect and become sustainable. Businesses must concentrate on Sustainable and Green buying in order to remain competitive in the current climate. This may be accomplished by selecting supplier firms that follow Sustainable and Green environmentally friendly practises as well as by incorporating sustainable practises within individual organisational operations.

Green and Sustainable Innovation

The term ‘GREEN’ refers to the employment of cutting-edge technology that can assist an organisation recycle and reuse its waste materials. By recycling and reusing materials, contemporary technology may help minimise product waste and, hence, carbon emissions. S&G innovations include implementing sustainable management techniques in order to lessen the environmental effect of business operations, as argued by Abbas and Sağsan (2019). There are several ways in which managers may help promote the Sustainable and Green supply chain process as well as encourage other stakeholders to adopt environmentally friendly practises in their daily activity.

Approaches to Sustainability and Green Management

To limit the total negative impact of corporate operations on the environment, managers that follow a Sustainable and Green Managerial style apply laws and regulations, monitor operational activities, and develop plans. Chen and Yang (2019) believe that operational activities and good monitoring systems may aid in the implementation of sustainable and green practises in an organisation.

Equal support from workers and other stakeholders was necessary for the organization’s sustainable goals to be achieved through the use of Sustainable and Green management practises (Seman et al., 2019). Larger companies with many branches might have a tough time controlling all of their operational activities on a regular basis. According to Esmaeilian et al. (2020), on the other hand, the use of digital CCTV cameras and blockchain technology can aid in successfully monitoring and controlling operational operations. Modern businesses must thus rely on digital technology to gain total command of their widely dispersed operational processes.

Marketing Approaches that are Sustainable and Green

Sustainable and Green marketing refers to the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable techniques for the promotion of the product. Plant-based plastics, mushroom root, and sustainable and green cell foams, according to Atiwesh et al. (2021), can replace standard plastic packaging. As a result, efforts are being made in the fields of research and development to find alternatives to plastic that are less harmful to the environment. To reduce carbon emissions, it is vital to replace plastic with more environmentally friendly materials.

Green Packaging

Proper and optimal packaging for various commodities can contribute to an increase in the number of transportations throughout the world. Ecological packaging, also known as sustainable packaging, makes use of environmentally friendly materials and production methods that reduce their negative influence on the environment (Moustafa et al., 2019). Materials such as bio-plastic, which is plastic derived from plants, recyclable paper, and items that can be recovered after use are all examples of environmentally friendly packaging materials. These bio-composite materials, nano sheets, and natural fibres are all components of green packaging. The ‘institute for health and consumer protection’ estimated that the market for nano materials in food packaging will reach $20 billion by 2020, based on research done at the nano size (Daneshniya et al., 2020). Green packaging has taken off in the Industrial sector to a whole new level of popularity.

Green Training

Workers are educated on how to use green practises in their workplaces so that resources are properly used, waste is minimised and energy is conserved while also limiting their impact on the environment. Green training is an essential instrument to promote environmental health, and the government should also take the subject in hand and adopt environmentally beneficial acts. Employees are encouraged to engage in the company’s environmental initiatives (Wiradirja et al., 2020). According to the findings of these research, green training is not an option but rather a must for achieving various corporate objectives. Taking care of the environment will always be a must for a responsible corporation, as will thinking up more environmentally friendly ways of doing business, because a company needs to function ethically and responsibly in the long term if it wants to flourish or thrive in the business sector (Teixeira et al., 2016). And studies suggest that green training contributes to an employee’s career advancement, as well as a positive indicator that the employee becomes more responsible and takes care of the world.

2.4 Drivers of Green Supply Chain Practices

GSCM adoption at chip manufacturing companies is driven by both internal and external factors, with the latter focusing more on the improvement of risk management owing to supply chain disruptions. Collaboration with suppliers is also critical in the hunt for environmentally friendly alternatives to materials and equipment. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), government agencies, and consumers are all examples of external stakeholders. Businesses in the Philippines have been studied by Tseng et al. (2019), who found that Filipino manufacturing enterprises are able to manage green supply chain activities and tackle environmental issues in a general manner. With the aid of government rules, Hysa et al. (2020) found that environmental sustainability can be enhanced. Organizations will only pay as much as is necessary to meet their short-term financial objectives to protect the environment, which is why society is the main stakeholder. According to this reasoning, green activities should not be an option but a legal duty. ‘Reactive, focused, opportunistic, and proactive’ are the four categories of eco-friendly methods described by Akhtar (2019). Eco-friendly responsiveness can be low, medium, or high, depending on the strategy used. This study found that reactive strategies were used most frequently; focused strategies were used most frequently; opportunistic strategies were used most frequently; and proactive strategies were most frequently used. Milutinović et al. (2017) discovered more than 40 indicators for measuring a company’s environmental management practises, such as air emissions, energy recovery, recycling, etc.

GSCM, or green supply chain management, is becoming increasingly important to businesses all over the world. The GSCM drivers in a corporation or company can be characterised as government-related, organization-related, or society-related. Research reveals that cost drivers and customer-related factors have an influence on green practises, which naturally benefits the environment or planet earth. A company’s size has a significant impact on the effects of its green supply chain drivers. Cost drivers, which differ by company size, have a relatively modest impact on the impacts on customers, but have a significantly higher impact on smaller enterprises (Wang et al., 2018). Because the supplier is responsible for providing the services to the business, a healthy connection between the organisation and its suppliers is critical to the success of the Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM).

The Green Supply Chain Management may be boosted by the government’s rules and regulations, as well as its financial incentives (GSCM). The government can offer incentives or awards to businesses that do not harm the environment, but instead contribute to its well-being. For example, ISO:14001 is the environmental certificate that the firm must follow in order to receive this certification, which demonstrates that their product is safe and consumers can rely on it because of this certification (Iatridis and Kesidou, 2018). Businesses and corporations are also encouraged to do more for the environment and the world while making money, which is a win-win scenario for everyone. There are eco-friendly designs that everyone can agree on, and they don’t harm anyone’s health in any way. Cooperative efforts among producers and suppliers are essential to minimising harmful consequences and maximising resource use in order to prevent resource waste. Environmentally-friendly products may attract a huge number of customers if their prices are maintained fair, and consumers will always choose to purchase green products at a reasonable price over chemical goods that are harmful to both humans and the environment.

2.5 Challenges in adoption of Sustainable and Green supply Chain Practices

A Scarcity of Empirical Studies

There has been a lot of effort put into finding an alternative to plastic packaging. Plastic, on the other hand, is a more cost-effective and long-lasting option. Electric automobiles are being developed to lessen transportation’s negative environmental effect; however, they are only available from luxury automakers. Supply chain needs necessitate the use of pricey electric cars, but these companies cannot afford them (Mayyas et al., 2019). Because of this, further study is needed to lower the selling prices for industrial supply chain activities’ electric cars.

Customers, Suppliers, And Shareholders Are Not Aware of The Risks

Sustainable practises need the cooperation of all stakeholders, as each stakeholder is directly or indirectly affected by the decision of the organisation. Customers are expected to foot the bill for the additional packaging costs incurred as a result of switching from plastic to something more durable. According to Hamzah and Shamsudin (2020), customer happiness boosts sales and income for companies. Organizations therefore rely on both external and internal stakeholders to execute new ideas.

An Elevated Price

In order to save money, businesses can use sustainable practises, such as avoiding plastic packaging for their products. Recycling and reusing waste materials can save companies money, according to the findings of Nußholz et al. (2019). It’s worth noting that recycling can save money, but it requires additional investment in recycling facilities or technology.

Management Skills and Knowledge Are Lacking in This Situation

Management and leadership skills are critical to the success of implementing new ideas. Individual managerial approaches and abilities to effectively and positively implement sustainable practises will determine whether or not the adoption of sustainable and green supply chain practises is a success.

2.6 Theoretical Analysis

The Triple Bottom Line Theory of Elkington

Companies are meant to care for people, planet, and profit, according to the ‘triple bottom line’ (TBL) theory. According to Liang et al. (2018), the Triple Bottom Line theory states that organisations should not just focus on profit whereas people and the environment are also vital. Firms need to embrace methods that are both profitable and beneficial to the community in order to be successful.

Figure: Elkington’s triple bottom line Theory

(Source: Liang et al., 2018)

Supply chain techniques that are environmentally and socially sustainable can assist logistics companies implement strategies that increase profit margins, but do not negatively impact people or the environment. Firms may save money and lower their carbon footprint by adopting sustainable supply chain activities like recycling and reusing.

Stakeholder Theory

All stakeholders’ interests should be taken into consideration while planning an organization’s strategy, according to the Stakeholder Theory. Stakeholder theory, according to Jones et al. (2018), indicates that a company’s internal and external stakeholders are equally significant. Customers, workers, and suppliers should all be included when an organization’s bottom line is calculated, not only its shareholders.

Figure: Stakeholder Theory

(Source: Jones et al., 2018)

When it comes to sustainable and green supply chain management, an organization’s carbon footprint is minimised while simultaneously improving the health of its worldwide customers, both of which are important considerations in today’s world. It is possible to save money by decreasing trash and adopting recycling and reusing procedures throughout the supply chain. As a result, businesses are able to expand financially, pay their workers better, and incorporate cutting-edge technology to boost productivity.

The Change Management Theory of Kurt Lewin

There are three steps to implementing change in Lewin’s Change Management Theory: first to raise awareness, then to implement and then to monitor employees’ attitudes and behaviour. According to Bashori et al. (2020), the Unfreezing level of Lewin’s theory comprises educating workers on the underlying causes of change in order to get their cooperation and support throughout the change management process. Challenge management approaches necessitate the participation of employees, and their input is invaluable in helping to effectively adopt new initiatives. The Changing step of Lewin’s change management involved making new changes after Unfreezing, while the Refreezing stage ensures that employees and employers do not relapse to their previous patterns.

Figure: Lewin’s Change Management Theory

(Source: Bashori et al. 2020)

Standard change management procedures may be used to adopt sustainable and green supply chain operations in logistics companies. In order to obtain the support of all stakeholders, suppliers, workers, and consumers should be recognised for their efforts to implement sustainable and environmentally friendly practises.

2.7 Conceptual Framework

2.8 Literature Gap

Understanding the benefits and obstacles of implementing Sustainable and Green supply chain practises in logistics companies was the focus of this study. However, there is a wealth of information about the necessity of sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chain strategies in various industries. Literature on Sustainable and Green supply chain practises application in logistics companies have been scarce.

Chapter 3: Methodology

3.1 Research Philosophy

“A research philosophy is a view about the method in which evidence regarding a phenomenon should be obtained, evaluated and applied.” The word epistemology as opposed to doxology incorporates the numerous philosophies of research technique. Generally, there four fundamental research philosophies are available like positivism, realism, pragmatism and interpretivism (Mitchell and Education, 2018). Generally, this study has been conducted by adopting the pragmatism philosophy for successfully and effectively conduct and accomplish the entire study. The pragmatist school of thought provides with a method for evaluating the convictions and discovering the realities that lie underneath them.

That’s why this epistemological philosophy is more valuable than others that focus more on the notion of knowing. Through the assessment of beliefs and ideas, pragmatism offers the researcher with a path to truth. This is accomplished by examining the impact of a particular notion or belief on the behaviour and then deciding whether or not to hold on to it (Allmark and Machaczek, 2018). In this aspect, for this research study regarding, “Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”, the selection of pragmatism philosophy has significantly and proficiently enabled the researcher in organisation identify and potentially discover the most authentic and evident information and data from the market.

3.2 Research Approach

The term “team research” might signify various things to different scientists. Some research methodologies, such as data collecting and analysis, and the distinctions among qualitative and quantitative approaches, may be implied by a study’s research methodology. Generally, there are three fundamental kinds of research approaches like inductive research approach, deductive research and abductive research. However, by considering this study regarding “Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”, the researcher has utilised and implemented the inductive research approach (Azungah, 2018). Starting with an observation or an inference, the inductive process starts. In order to determine whether or not the judgement or likely conclusion is correct, additional investigation is needed.

When using inductive reasoning, a person will examine the provided context, the realm, and attempt or test many possibilities in order to arrive at an answer. An inductive thinker might benefit from this form of analysis not just for the aim of investigating or analysing probability, but also for the purpose of determining how correct or erroneous the original evaluations and conclusions are (Walter and Ophir, 2019). In this aspect, the utilisation and application of the inductive research approach enabled the researcher for investing and analysing the data for developing a new information and knowledge regarding the study.

3.3 Research Design

For researchers, a study design allows them to explore new territory while yet maintaining a methodical approach. In the same manner that an engineer or architect chooses a design from a variety of techniques to see what kind of study should be conducted, a researcher does the same. Generally, the researcher has utilised and applied the explanatory research design method within this study. For the purpose of furthering a researcher’s hypotheses, explanatory design incorporates their ideas and thoughts (Wipulanusat et al., 2020). Unknown parts of a topic are explained and information of research questions are provided in the study. In order to better comprehend a certain issue, scholars use explanatory research methods.

This may help them better understand a certain subject. Explanatory study may help people comprehend the underlying causes of a phenomena and forecast future events. In this aspect, for this study regarding “Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”, the researcher has been able to effectively and successfully explain all the authentic and evident information and data within this study (McCrudden and McTigue, 2019). In this way, by effectively using the explanatory research design, the researcher has been able to proficiently and efficiently develop a significant knowledge that enhance the acceptability of this study to the future researchers and learners.

3.4 Research Sampling

A sample is a subset of data taken from a broader population by a researcher following a predetermined technique of selection. Examples of these items are sample points, observations, or sampling units. Create a sample to conduct research quickly and easily. Researching the whole population is usually unfeasible, as well as expensive and time intensive (Victor et al., 2020). Thus, the study of a small sample yields insights that may be applied to the population as a whole. In this aspect, there are several research sampling methods that proficiently help to sample the data and information regarding the study topic.

Among these methods, the researcher utilised and implement the convenient sampling methods to conduct a survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK. “In simple words, convenience sampling refers to the ease with which a researcher may obtain a respondent. This sample can’t be derived using a scientific procedure.” Selected components are chosen solely on the basis of proximity rather than representativeness, and researchers have almost little control over this (Wootton et al., 2022). When time and money are at a premium, non-probability sampling is the best option. Thus, by using the convenient research sampling method, the researcher has been able to effectively and successfully collect the primary quantitative and secondary qualitative data.

3.5 Data Collection Process

The systematic process of obtaining data about a certain topic is known as data collection. During the data collecting phase, it is critical to verify that the data is comprehensive and that it is obtained legally and ethically. If this isn’t the case, the results of the analysis will be inaccurate, with potentially disastrous results (de Lusignan et al., 2020). Generally, the researcher has been considered the primary quantitative and secondary qualitative data collection process for this research study regarding “Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”. It is possible for both the primary and secondary data to be quantitative or qualitative (verbal).

Statistics, averages, and percentages are often used in quantitative research since it relies on large samples of participants. Quantitative research has the benefit of being able to provide a precise response. The tales, anecdotes, and descriptive adjectives that individuals have for items or lifestyle traits may be more easily elicited in qualitative research. In this way, by implementing and adopting the method of primary quantitative and secondary qualitative data collection, the researcher has been able to collect the most authentic and evident information (Dumont, Klinge and Maaz, 2019). Data from the respondents and from the peer-reviewed journals, scholarly articles, existing research papers, PDFs, etc. enabled the researcher to gather and collect the most authentic, appropriate and evident information and data from the research topic.

Q1. What is your age group?	To gain the knowledge about the age group	Multiple Choice
Q2. How long experience you have in your organisation?	To gain the knowledge about their experience	Multiple Choice
Q3. Why Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach?	To gain the knowledge about why the company needs green and sustainable supply chain.	Multiple Choice
Q4. How the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably?	To gain the knowledge about how the supply chain managers manage their operations.	Multiple Choice
Q5. What kinds of initiatives Wincanton Company has taken for developing supply chain management system?	To gain the knowledge about what initiatives taken by the company for developing supply chain management system.	Multiple Choice
Q6. How Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management?	To gain the knowledge about how the organisational will be benefited by practicing green and sustainable supply chain management practices.	Multiple Choice
Q7. What kinds of challenges Winton Company has considered for adoption of sustainable and green supply chain practices?	To gain the knowledge about what kinds of challenges are facing by the company.	Multiple Choice
Q8. Do you agree that Winton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain practices?	To gain the knowledge about opportunities gained by the company through practicing green and sustainable supply chain management practices.	Multiple Choice
Q9. What kinds of factors encourage your firm to implement green supply chain management practices?	To gain the knowledge about what factors encourage the firm to adopt green supply chain management system.	Multiple Choice
Q10. Do you agree that the organisational suppliers also being benefited?	To gain the knowledge about how organisational supplier will be benefited.	Multiple Choice
Q11. Do you agree that your any threat can be occurred in organisational profitability by implementing future green supply chain practices?	To gain the knowledge about what kinds of threats can be occurred in the organisation.	Multiple Choice
Q12. Do you agree that the green supply chain practices helping your firm to gain competitive advantage?	To gain the knowledge about how green and sustainable supply chain management practices help to gain competitive advantage.	Multiple Choice

3.6 Data Analysis Process

In order to make sense of the supplied data, the data analysis procedure consists of a series of processes. It’s to identify the crucial steps in a data analysis procedure. Although each stage is crucial, the data must be processed appropriately in order to deliver meaningful information (Taylor et al., 2018). A data analysis procedure flow may be broken down into five distinct stages. Finding, collecting, analysing, and modelling data is the process of extracting meaningful information and insights from the data and using the resultant knowledge for data-driven decision making.

Generally, there are a vast number of data analysis techniques are available that proficiently and potentially help the researchers to effectively analyse the all the collected and gathered information in order to develop and demonstrate a unique information and knowledge to the readers. In this way, the researcher will utilise and implement the thematic analysis method within this research (Mason et al., 2021). Thus, by applying the thematic analysis method, the researcher has been able to identify the potential themes to provide the most effective and expected result and information to the learners and the future researchers.

3.7 Ethical Consideration

Scientific misconduct, academic dishonesty, and other unethical practises have been averted by a variety of methods to enhance research ethics as a cornerstone of scientific activity. Ethical considerations include honesty, informed consent, anonymization and preservation of data, the right to access data for participants, and the responsibility of confidentiality for researchers. Ethical considerations for special-needs education research need maintaining the integrity of participants and informants. This norm focuses on the protection of individuals from different sorts of danger and the safeguarding of their identities, particularly concerns for avoiding stigmatisation of certain groups or communities (Korir, Mittelmeier and Rienties, 2019). To put it another way, there’s the possibility that a specific ethnic group is overrepresented among the families and children who have been reported to the child protection agencies. In these situations, it’s critical to explain the context while also emphasising the need of child protection services as part of a comprehensive welfare system.

Ethical issues arise when such study findings are made public. Data archiving is not common in qualitative research. Concerns have been raised about preserving subjects’ personal beliefs, as well. The optimum strategy, however, is to arrange anonymization at the time of original transcribed (Mehdipour Rabori, Dehghan and Nematollahi, 2019). Anonymity may be protected by using pseudonyms or substitutes. A separate record should be kept of any replacements, aggregations, or deletions from the anonymized data files. Qualitative data, on the other hand, are difficult to misinterpret because of the conditions under which they are collected, which creates further ethical questions.

Chapter 4: Findings

4.1 Primary Quantitative Data

4.1.1 Survey

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 26/7% of employees belong to the age group of 18 to 28 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK. “Moreover, around 20% of employees belong to the age group of 28 to 38 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK. On the other hand, approximately 16.7% of employees belong to the age group of 38 to 48 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK. Furthermore, around 20% of employees belong to the age group of 48 to 58 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK. In addition to this, approximately 16.7% of employees belong to age group of above 58 years old in Wincanton Company in the UK.”

“Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 20% of employees have 2 to 5 years of experience for their organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK. Moreover, 23.3% of employees have 5 to 8 years of experience for their organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK. On the other hand, approximately 16.7% of employees have 8 to 11 years of experience for their organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK. Furthermore, around 16.7% of employees have 11-14 years of experience for their organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK. In addition to this, approximately 23.3% of employees have 14-17 years of experience for their organisational job practices in Wincanton Company in the UK.”

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 36.7% of employees have said that Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach for environmental sustainability. Moreover, 40% of employees have said that Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach for reducing carbon emission. On the other hand, approximately 23.3% of employees have said that Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach for reducing the using of harmful approaches.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 40% of employees have said that the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably by considering governmental legislation. Moreover, around 43.3% of employees have said that the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably by reducing supply chain expenses. On the other hand, approximately 16.7% of employees have said that the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably by enhancing supplier’s profitability.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 33.3% of employees have said that the initiatives by Wincanton Company have taken for developing supply chain management system by practicing green supply chain. Moreover, around 40% of employees have said that the initiatives by Wincanton Company have taken for developing supply chain management system by developing technological utilisation. On the other hand, approximately 26.7% of employees have said that the initiatives by Wincanton Company have taken for developing supply chain management system by enhancing quality of product.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 43.3% of employees have said that Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management due to the protection against reputational damage. Moreover, around 20% of employees have said that Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management due to the improvement of continuity of supply. On the other hand, approximately 20% of employees have said that Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management due to the potential for new partnership. Furthermore, around 16.7% of employees have said that Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management due to the reduction of environmental impact.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 40% of employees have said that the challenges regarding increasing expenses Wincanton Company have considered for adoption of sustainable and green supply chain practices. Moreover, around 36.7% of employees have said that the challenges regarding problems in negotiations Wincanton Company have considered for adoption of sustainable and green supply chain practices. On the other hand, approximately 23.3% of employees have said that the challenges regarding changes in supply chain infrastructure Wincanton Company have considered for adoption of sustainable and green supply chain practices.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 23.3% of employees have strongly agreed that Wincanton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain practices. Moreover, around 16.7% of employees have agreed that Wincanton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain practices. On the other hand, approximately 16.7% of employees did not share any response to this question. Furthermore, around 20% of employees have disagreed that Wincanton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain practices. In addition to this, approximately 23.3% of employees have strongly disagreed that Wincanton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain practices.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 33.3% of employees have said that the environmental factors encourage the firm to implement green supply chain management practices. “Moreover, around 30% of employees have said that the consumer factors encourage the firm to implement green supply chain management practices. On the other hand, approximately 13.3% of employees have said that the cost factors encourage the firm to implement green supply chain management practices. Furthermore, around 23.3% of employees have said that the supplier factors encourage the firm to implement green supply chain management practices.”

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 23.3% of employees have strongly agreed that the organisational suppliers also being benefited. Moreover, around 20% of employees have agreed that the organisational suppliers also being benefited. About 23.3% of workers didn’t respond at all to this question, though. Around 13.3% of workers disagree that the company’s vendors have profited as well. In addition, almost 20% of workers strongly disagree that the company’s suppliers are also benefiting.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 23.3% of employees have strongly agreed that any kinds of threats can be occurred in the organisational profitability by implementing future green supply chain practices. Moreover, around 20% of employees have agreed that any kinds of threats can be occurred in the organisational profitability by implementing future green supply chain practices. However, around 16.7 percent of workers did not provide any answer to this question. Furthermore, around 23.3% of workers believe that adopting future green supply chain practises might pose any challenges to the profitability of the organisation. In addition, 16.7% of workers strongly disagree with the notion that adopting future green supply chain practises would have any negative impact on the profitability of the organisation.

Through conducting the survey among the 30 employees of Wincanton Company in the UK, the researcher has been able to identify that around 20% of employees have strongly agreed that the green supply chain practices helping the firm to gain competitive advantage. Moreover, around 20% of employees have agreed that the green supply chain practices helping the firm to gain competitive advantage. However, around 16.7 percent of workers did not provide any answer to this question. The green supply chain policies are not helping the company acquire a competitive edge, according to 16.7 percent of workers. 26.7 percent of workers strongly disagreed that the green supply chain methods helped the company acquire a competitive edge.

4.2 Secondary Qualitative Data

4.2.1 Green Supply Chain, Logistics, and Transportation

In Machado and Davim (2017) research paper, all of this is covered in this chapter’s discussion of the concept of a “green supply chain network.” Returns and products reaching the end of their useful lives are becoming more important to companies due to environmental concerns. Companies must be quick to react to market changes and product life cycles to maintain their competitive edge during volatile economic times. Sustainability and sustainable supply chain activities are increasingly becoming top priorities for many businesses and organizations as they seek to reduce supply chains while lowering their carbon emissions and being good stewards of the planet’s environmental assets. Transportation and logistics operations account for more than 75% of a company’s environmental impact. A well-managed transportation network can support green supply chain activities while reducing shipping costs by 5–40 per cent.

Modern transportation networks rely heavily on logistics, which includes supply chain techniques and measures to reduce the environmental impact of freight transportation. Transportation, manufacturing, waste disposal, and logistics are all major concerns. Green logistics involves various distribution network approaches, including production planning, material handling, and physical distribution. Distribution operations use energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction (Machado and Davim, 2017), rainwater harvesting or treatment, reducing waste, reduced plastic wrapping use of compostable bags, item and packaging reprocessing, and green procurement strategies. Sustainability concepts such as the supply chain and the carbon cycle have become commonplace in the supply chain.

In this regard, in the wide level of research of Saada (2020), it has been claimed that, As part of their attempts to integrate green transportation into their logistics operations, companies are also focusing on GSCM connectivity. Transportation is presently the primary driver of climate change, health concerns, and greenhouse gases. In light of these concerns, governments have been forced to create policies to reduce carbon emissions. Employing green supply chain management techniques has the overriding purpose of reducing the consumption of raw materials, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions, and the usage of recyclable materials. In addition, several other elements have been included in GSCM processes, such as business alliances with consumers and partners, which assist in incorporating environmental initiatives, green mobility, and reverse supply.

Suppliers, consumers, and their transportation requirements all play a critical part in broadening the idea of logistics. Numerous organizations have used advancements in-vehicle technology to enhance the productivity of the environment, freight, and public passenger transportation (Saada, 2020). Additional considerations for the implementation of environmental transportation must be given to the residual fossil fuel resources that are highly useful and can be infused into combustion engines (ICE). Additionally, since lithium and other metals are needed in the batteries and engines of electric cars, preserving and sustainable use of accessible stocks of lithium and other metals is critical for the fast growth of transportation. A significant driver of green innovation is the importance placed on the role of suppliers. To successfully develop a green supply chain and to accomplish green environmental goals, the correct supplier selection is important.

4.2.2 Supply chain management because of climate change: An overview of possible impacts and the road ahead

As per the article of Dasaklis and Pappis (2013), it has been seen that there are various types of challenges in supply chain management. This research will analyze the impacts of climate change on distribution networks and the consequences for supply chain management in terms of both strategic and operational planning. The guide also includes a detailed outline of the most successful research methods. Analysis of relevant literature and rigorous data categorisation are used to give important insights into global warming and the supply chain in the study. As a result of climate change, supply chain operations and management are being assessed systematically, and suggestions for future research are provided. Scholars may use this paper as a starting point to pursue new research avenues in the supply chain in light of climate change. It is possible that these insights may help practitioners, in particular those in charge of building supply chain agendas that create value, better their management approaches.

Companies confront a wide range of physical and economic risks due to climate change. These dangers might differ from industry to sector, but there may also be opportunities. Natural catastrophes and other global warming-related occurrences may cause major damage to industrial facilities and investment buildings, disrupt operations, displace factories and customers, lower purchasing power and customer needs, and deplete agricultural equipment, among many other repercussions. Climate change mitigation and adaptation policies have also been put into place. Regulations aimed at reducing emissions, for example, may have a detrimental effect on business operations even if their goal is to lessen and ultimately eliminate climate change dangers. Consequently, companies must aim for more than just short-term financial success (Dasaklis and Pappis, 2013) and they must also comply with applicable environmental laws and treaty obligations, invest in eco-friendly technological advances, and match the market’s demand for such goods and services.

Climate change presents considerable challenges to the continuation of supply chains. Numerous recent disasters have shown the vulnerability of supply chain operations to severe weather patterns. For instance, Thailand’s recent floods have resulted in a massive shortage of hard drives, influencing completed goods and costs across various industrial sectors. Disruptions jeopardize the uninterrupted flow of items through the many agents in supply chain operations. Interruptions have several fundamental consequences: inventory shortages, carrier delays, transportation congestion, and price instability. Except for interruptions, supply chains will almost certainly face increased insurance costs due to climate change concerns. The insurance market may help mitigate the financial burden of severe weather events induced by climate change since claims for natural disasters have risen dramatically in recent years.

Climate change-related hazards to supply chain networks include physical, operational, and reputational threats. Increased regulatory pressure, market factors, and shareholder stress set the stage for distribution network carbon reduction, which has clear consequences for procurement. As a result, supply chain managers must pay close attention to the effects of global warming on distribution networks. At the same time, researchers should continue to investigate the interconnections between global warming and supply network implementation and construction.

4.2.3 Developing innovative and more sustainable approaches to reverse logistics and the collection, recycling and disposal of waste products from urban centres

During the last two decades, environmental concerns have received great public attention. Concerns about the environment spread like wildfire throughout nations, regions, and continents (McLeod et al., 2008). This is a major contributor to the climate shift. An investigation of how green supply chain management practices affect organizational performance is the goal of this project. The microenvironment control, green purchasing, environmental customer cooperation, ecological design and capital recovery, and business performance in terms of environment, operational and financial outcomes are all discussed in the research.

Green packaging and urban retail trash management alternative to the traditional reverse supply chain technique. Manufacturing and production companies face many issues in the contemporary environment era. There is a need to discover a symbiotic link between industrial trade and environmental preservation. Concerns about the economy and the environment are often intertwined. For example, higher disposal costs make waste reduction more viable, while eco-conscious customers provide new commercial opportunities. The concept of a “sustainable” economy indicates that environmental and economic advantages combine with the ideal world.

Fuel consumption, miles are driven, polluted air, pollution, security, and health are all negatively impacted by logistics activities on sustainability distribution. Moving items backwards along the supply chain has the greatest effect on sustainable dispersion. The pricing, effectiveness, and dependability of freight and passenger transportation systems have all been improved due to science and technology and spatial advancements. However, the negative environmental effects of road transport have become widely recognized and are at the core of eco-friendly practices in urban areas, particularly (McLeod et al., 2008). The ecological damage of transportation may reduce in a significant way by consolidating freight and regulating ‘back-haul’ operations, among other techniques. Utilizing excess capacity on the second leg of a delivery route improves the use of precious resources such as fuel and driver time by discovering loads that need to be transported between locations similar to those visited by the returning vehicle on the outbound leg of the route. Increased load balance leads to a decrease in the number of unoccupied trucks on the road, which alleviates traffic congestion and lowers emissions of harmful gases into the environment.

The majority of rubbish is carried by road, and the negative impact of road freight transportation on congestion, local ecological damage, and environmental degradation has been well established. The opposite of logistics Waste management is based on the effective and economical collection and handling of the rubbish. Green logistics is the inverse of waste management. In this circumstance, the definition of garbage is essential, especially because of the potential legal repercussions, since it is sometimes banned to import “junk” from other countries. Although there are significant differences between waste disposal procedures and some of the techniques used in reverse logistics, there are some similarities, especially in an urban setting.

Chapter 5: Discussion

5.1 Analysis

5.1.1 Thematic Analysis

Theme1: Green Supply Chain Management In The Transportation System

From the evaluation of the findings, it has been seen that A “green supply chain network” is described in detail in the research paper mentioned in this chapter. Businesses value returns and products reaching the end of their useful lives more highly due to environmental concerns (Dasaklis and Pappis, 2013); companies need to be quick to respond to market shifts and product life cycles. For many businesses and organizations, sustainability is becoming more crucial as they strive to reduce their supply chains while also reducing carbon emissions and being responsible stewards of the planet’s natural resources.

A company’s environmental impact may be attributed to transportation and logistics operations to 75% or more. In this regard, the survey result has said that The researcher found that 33.3% of Wincanton Company employees in the UK support the firm’s attempts to construct a supply chain system based on green procurement by surveying 30 employees. Wincanton’s efforts to improve supply chain management through enhanced technological use were also praised by nearly 40% of employees. According to 26.7 per cent of employees at Wincanton, the characteristics were to improve its quality and establish supply chain management.

In the same notion from the literary sources, it has been seen that Sustainable marketing are terms that relate to the creation of ecologically friendly and sustainable methods of promotional campaigns. According to Ati Welsh et al. (2021), plant-based polymers, mushroom roots, and sustainable green cell foams may all be used instead of traditional plastic packaging. The survey has claimed that 43.3 % said that they had great benefits from practising the green supply chain management in their workplace,, which is based on protection against the reputation. Moreover, 20% claimed they have benefitted from good partnership continuation of the supply, and where 16.7% have claimed that they have got advantages for reducing the impact on the environment.

Therefore, from the evaluation of the sources from the findings and literary section, it can be said that the application of the green supply chain in the transportation function is the most important aspect that can enhance the acceleration process of the organization and get many benefits from this. Now, from the overall evaluation, it can be said that the entire analysis can accomplish the first objective of this research paper.

Theme 2: Impact Of Green Supply Chain On The Waste Management

From the evaluation based on the findings, it can be said that Alternatives to the standard reverse supply chain strategy include packaging and urban garbage management. It is necessary to establish a symbiotic relationship between industrial commerce and the protection of the environment. Economic and environmental issues are often inextricably linked (McLeod et al., 2008). Increased disposal prices, for instance, make waste minimization more economical, while eco-conscious clients provide new business possibilities. The term “sustainable” economy refers to an ideal society in which environmental and economic benefits are integrated. From the literary sources, there are various types of theoretical aspects that have helped the companies eliminate the damage to the environment and maintain a good level of sustainability (Saada, 2020).

In this same notion from literary sources, it has been said that the process of green management is essential in the transportation organization. According to Liang et al. (2018), organisations should prioritise more than just profit. They should also prioritize communities and the planet. Businesses must implement techniques that are both profitable and beneficial to society in order to be successful. On the other hand, Jones et al. (2018) contend that both stakeholders are equally crucial to the success of a company. All stakeholders, including customers, workers, and suppliers, should be considered when measuring an organisation’s bottom line. For Lewin’s Unfreezing level, Bashori et al. (2020) state that workers are taught the fundamental causes for differences in order to ensure their support and collaboration throughout the management of change.

In this regard, from the sources of the survey, it has been seen that there are various factors influencing the company in the Wincanton Company. In this regard, the survey, it has been seen that 33.3% asserted about the environmental factors, 30% has claimed the consumer factor, 13.3% has been said that the cost factor is the major aspect to initiate the GSCM in the Wincanton Company and 23.3% has been said about the supplier’s factors. With the association of the green supply chain management, it has been seen that organizational suppliers are being helped regarding the initiation of the green supply chain.

In this regard, 23.3% strongly agree, 20% agree, 23.3 % are in the neutral position, 13.3% disagree, and 20% strongly disagree on this matter. Therefore, from the evaluation percentage ratio, it can be claimed that most of the respondents agree on the benefits of green supply chain management in their organizational workplace. Therefore, from the extensive evaluation, it can be said that this particular evaluation of the theme clearly accomplished the fourth objective of this thesis paper.

Theme 3: Opportunities And Challenges Of The GSCM

From the evaluation based on above discussion, it has been seen that there are various opportunities and challenges regarding the implementation of the GSCM. From the evaluation based on the survey, it has been seen that 23.3% have claimed that Wincanton Company has got many opportunities from the initiation of the green supply chain management in their operational system. Where 16.7% just agree, 16.7% are in neutral opinion, and 20% and 23.3% strongly disagree. In this regard, from literary sources, it has been seen that Recycling and reusing materials may assist in decreasing waste and carbon emissions.

According to Abbas and Sasan, S&G innovations employ sustainable management techniques to lessen environmental impact (2019). Managers may assist establish a sustainable supply chain by encouraging other participants to implement eco-friendly practices in their daily work. In this regard, the survey has said that, In a staff poll, 20% stated green supply chain strategies provide the Company with a competitive edge. Around 20% of workers think green supply chain guidelines provide the Company with a competitive advantage. However, 16.7% of workers did not answer. Around 16.7% of workers believed that green supply chain methods gave the Company a competitive advantage. Around 26.7 per cent of workers strongly disagree that green supply chain guidelines assist the Company in maintaining a competitive advantage.

On the other hand, from evaluation, it has been seen that the Company has faced many challenges instead of opportunities for the green supply chain management. Consequently, among the 30 respondents in the survey, Cost-cutting measures drove Wincanton Company to adopt sustainable and green supply chain practices. Environmentally friendly and sustainable supply chain activities were also discussed by 36.7 per cent of workers. Due to the obstacles associated with changing supply chain architecture (Machado and Davim, 2017), 23.3 per cent of Wincanton workers said the organization is exploring developing sustainable and environmentally friendly supply chains.

In a UK study of 30 Wincanton workers, 23.3 per cent strongly agreed that future green supply chain standards might harm the Company’s financial performance. Almost 20% of workers believed that upcoming green supply chain rules would harm the Company’s financial performance. However, 16.7% of workers did not answer. Furthermore, 23.3 per cent of workers feel that future green supply chain practices will not negatively affect the Company’s profitability. Therefore, future green supply chain tactics will not harm the Company’s profitability, according to 16.7% of workers. Now, this evaluation has been seen thatcan say that this theme is proven to be the third theme of the research paper.

5.2 Summary

Through considering the above analysis, it becomes evident that the researcher has been able to proficiently and efficiently address all the research questions by applying the survey and the secondary data collection method within this research study. Generally, by the considering the research objectives, the researcher has been able to effectively develop a significant and most reliable and authentic information and data for the future learners and the researchers of this particular study topic. Through this, the researcher has been able to successfully conduct and accomplish the entire study by meeting all the research objectives and by addressing all the research questions.

Chapter 6: Conclusion

6.1 Conclusion

Throughout the consideration of the entire study, it becomes evident and concluded that Wincanton Company UK significantly operating its organisational business in the competitive market of the UK. However, the introduction chapter demonstrated that generally, this transportation company is facing the challenges regarding the high carbon emission for its transportation system. Therefore, in this literature review section, the researcher has proficiently and significantly highlighted and interpreted the previous researches that proficiently develop and provide the information and knowledge about the development and adoption of green and sustainable supply chain management system within the workplace environment of Wincanton Company UK.

Generally, the utilisation of the most appropriate and effective and resilient strategic approaches and research methods have helped the researcher in order to successfully conduct and accomplish the entire research study regarding, “Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in Wincanton Company UK”. In this way, by significantly utilising and implementing the most appropriate and resilient research approaches and data collection and analysis methods within the research study, the researcher has been able to proficiently and significantly develop and demonstrate most reliable, authentic and evident information and data for the learners and future researchers of this particular study topic.

By considering the data of findings, it becomes evident that in modern transportation networks, logistics plays a significant role, which includes supply chain tactics as well as initiatives to lessen the environmental effect of freight transit. All of the key challenges are related to transportation, production, waste disposal, and logistical planning. Green logistics encompasses a broad variety of distribution network techniques, including production planning, material handling, and physical distribution. Production planning, material handling, and physical distribution are all examples of green logistics systems. Energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction, rainwater collection or treatment, waste reduction, the use of biodegradable bags in place of plastic wrapping, item and package recycling, and green procurement methods are all used in the distribution operations industry. Sustainability ideas such as supply chain management and the carbon cycle have become mainstream in the supply chain industry.

Through this, it becomes identified that the organisation needs to significantly put its potential focus on developing and implementing the green supply chain management system within the workplace environment in order to successfully and efficiently reduce and mitigate the increasing rate of carbon emission. Moreover, on the other hand, the analysis section also has provided prominently information regarding the study by implementing and utilising the most appropriate and effective data analysis method within this research study. According to the findings of the assessment based on the above debate, there are a variety of opportunities as well as problems in the execution of the Global Strategy for Climate Change. It has been discovered that 23.3 percent of respondents believe that Wincanton Company has benefited greatly from the use of green supply chain management practises in their operating system, according to the survey results. Whereas 16.7 percent simply agree, 16.7 percent are of the same viewpoint, and 20 percent and 23.3 percent strongly disagree, 16.7 percent are in the middle.

6.2 Recommendation

Wincanton Company needs to concentrate more on using and implementing a green and sustainable supply chain management system in its working environment because of the rising rate of carbon emissions.” A wider range of keywords may lead to a more comprehensive list of aspects and practises in future work; this indicates that future work should broaden the keywords to include sustainability in supply chains, transportations, logistics, reverse logistics, logistics, shipping, and inter-organizational efforts, alliances, and partnership. In general, the GSCM field is growing, and there is room for growth due to the scarcity of authoritative publications in this area. According to this research, three primary themes have evolved from the Green Supply Chain Management literature: green design, green operations, reverse logistics, waste management, and green manufacturing during the last twenty years.

A brief introduction to conventional supply chain management was followed by a look back at the history of green supply chain management and a discussion of the field of green supply chain management as a whole. An introduction to green design and operations will follow. The last section of this article briefly discussed the reasons why organisations choose to operate in a more environmentally friendly manner. In this aspect, by considering different advantages and benefits of the adopting and utilising green supply chain management system, the researcher has recommended that the organisation, Wincanton Company UK needs to proficiently utilise and implement the green supply chain management system. Through this, it will be able to sustain its organisational business and the supply chain management system throughout the both national and the international market.

6.3 Future Research Scope

A thorough examination of all aspects of the study shows that the researcher was successful in gathering the most genuine and accurate data possible from a variety of sources, both primary and secondary. Researchers were able to get the most accurate data for this study by surveying Wincanton Company workers in the UK. In addition, the researcher has been able to acquire the most dependable and obvious information for this study by accessing secondary data bases for the qualitative information and data. However, the researcher has been unable to collect the data from the organisational executives and managers regarding the study topic due to having little limited time. Therefore, the researcher has decided to conduct a further research study in the market with this relevant topic for conducting interview among the organisational executives of Wincanton Company UK in order to efficiently fulfil the lacking of this research study.

References

Abbas, J. and Sağsan, M., (2019). Impact of knowledge management practices on green innovation and corporate sustainable development: A structural analysis. Journal of cleaner production, 229, pp.611-620.

Agrawal, P. and Narain, R., (2018), December. Digital supply chain management: An Overview. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 455, No. 1, p. 012074). IOP Publishing.

Aiginger, K. and Rodrik, D., (2020). Rebirth of industrial policy and an agenda for the twenty-first century. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 20(2), pp.189-207.

Akhtar, P., 2019. Drivers of green supply chain initiatives and their impact on economic performance of firms: evidence from Pakistan’s manufacturing sector. Journal of Competitiveness, 11(3), p.5.

Al‐Ghussain, L., 2019. Global warming: review on driving forces and mitigation. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 38(1), pp.13-21.

Allen, J., Burns, N., Garrett, L., Haass, R.N., Ikenberry, G.J., Mahbubani, K., Menon, S., Niblett, R., Nye Jr, J.S., O’neil, S.K. and Schake, K., (2020). How the world will look after the coronavirus pandemic. Foreign Policy, 20, p.2020.

Allmark, P. and Machaczek, K., 2018. Realism and Pragmatism in a mixed methods study. Journal of advanced nursing, 74(6), pp.1301-1309.

Atiwesh, G., Mikhael, A., Parish, C.C., Banoub, J. and Le, T.A.T., (2021). Environmental impact of bioplastic use: A review. Heliyon, p.e07918.

Azungah, T., 2018. Qualitative research: deductive and inductive approaches to data analysis. Qualitative research journal.

Bashori, B., Prasetyo, M.A.M. and Susanto, E., (2020). Change Management Transfromation In Islamic Education Of Indonesia. Social work and education, 7(1), pp.84-99.

Cazeri, G.T., Anholon, R., Ordoñez, R.E.C. and Novaski, O., 2017. Performance measurement of green supply chain management: a literature review and gaps for further research. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 14(1), pp.60-72.

Charnley, G.E., Kelman, I. and Murray, K.A., (2021). Drought-related cholera outbreaks in Africa and the implications for climate change: a narrative review. Pathogens and global health, pp.1-10.

Chen, H.C. and Yang, C.H., (2019). Applying a multiple criteria decision-making approach to establishing green marketing audit criteria. Journal of cleaner production, 210, pp.256-265.

Daneshniya, M., Maleki, M.H., Amini, F., Behrouzian, M. and Latifi, Z., 2020, March. Positive and negative aspects of nanocomposites utilization in food packaging. In 3rd International Congress of Science, Engineering and Technology.

Dasaklis, T.K. and Pappis, C.P., 2013. Supply chain management in view of climate change: an overview of possible impacts and the road ahead. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management (JIEM), 6(4), pp.1139-1161.

de Lusignan, S., Hoang, U., Liyanage, H., Tripathy, M., Yonova, I., Byford, R., Ferreira, F., Diez-Domingo, J. and Clark, T., 2020. Integrating molecular point-of-care testing for influenza into primary care: a mixed-methods feasibility study. British Journal of General Practice, 70(697), pp.e555-e562.

Dumont, H., Klinge, D. and Maaz, K., 2019. The many (subtle) ways parents game the system: mixed-method evidence on the transition into secondary-school tracks in Germany. Sociology of Education, 92(2), pp.199-228.

Esmaeilian, B., Sarkis, J., Lewis, K. and Behdad, S., (2020). Blockchain for the future of sustainable supply chain management in Industry 4.0. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 163, p.105064.

Esmaeilifar, R., Iranmanesh, M., Shafiei, M.W.M. and Hyun, S.S., (2020). Effects of low carbon waste practices on job satisfaction of site managers through job stress. Review of Managerial Science, 14(1), pp.115-136.

Green, K.W., Zelbst, P.J., Meacham, J. and Bhadauria, V.S., 2012. Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal.

Habib, M., Bao, Y., Nabi, N., Dulal, M., Asha, A.A. and Islam, M., 2021. Impact of strategic orientations on the implementation of green supply chain management practices and sustainable firm performance. Sustainability, 13(1), p.340.

Hamzah, A.A. and Shamsudin, M.F., (2020). Why customer satisfaction is important to business?. Journal of Undergraduate Social Science and Technology, 1(1).

Hysa, E., Kruja, A., Rehman, N.U. and Laurenti, R., 2020. Circular economy innovation and environmental sustainability impact on economic growth: An integrated model for sustainable development. Sustainability, 12(12), p.4831.

Iatridis, K. and Kesidou, E., 2018. What drives substantive versus symbolic implementation of ISO 14001 in a time of economic crisis? Insights from Greek manufacturing companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(4), pp.859-877.

Itf-oecd.org, (2021), The Carbon Footprint of Global Trade, Available at: https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/cop-pdf-06.pdf [Accessed on: 08/12/2021]

Jones, T.M., Harrison, J.S. and Felps, W., (2018). How applying instrumental stakeholder theory can provide sustainable competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 43(3), pp.371-391.

Kerber, B. and Dreckshage, B.J., 2017. Lean supply chain management essentials: a framework for materials managers. CRC Press.

Khrais, L.T., (2020). Role of Artificial Intelligence in Shaping Consumer Demand in E-Commerce. Future Internet, 12(12), p.226.

Korir, M., Mittelmeier, J. and Rienties, B.C., 2019. Is mixed methods social network analysis ethical?.

Laosirihongthong, T., Adebanjo, D. and Tan, K.C., 2013. Green supply chain management practices and performance. Industrial Management & Data Systems.

Liang, X., Zhao, X., Wang, M. and Li, Z., (2018). Small and medium-sized enterprises sustainable supply chain financing decision based on triple bottom line theory. Sustainability, 10(11), p.4242.

Machado, C. and Davim, J.P. eds., 2017. Green and lean management. Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany: Springer International Publishing.

Mason, W., Morris, K., Featherstone, B., Bunting, L., Davidson, G., McCartan, C., Bywaters, P. and Webb, C., 2021. Understanding out of home care rates in Northern Ireland: a thematic analysis of mixed methods case studies. The British Journal of Social Work, 51(7), pp.2645-2664.

Mayyas, A., Steward, D. and Mann, M., (2019). The case for recycling: Overview and challenges in the material supply chain for automotive li-ion batteries. Sustainable materials and technologies, 19, p.e00087.

McCrudden, M.T. and McTigue, E.M., 2019. Implementing integration in an explanatory sequential mixed methods study of belief bias about climate change with high school students. Journal of mixed methods research, 13(3), pp.381-400.

McLeod, F., Hickford, A., Maynard, S., Cherrett, T. and Allen, J., 2008. Developing innovative and more sustainable approaches to reverse logistics for the collection, recycling and disposal of waste products from urban centres: literature review and identification of opportunities.

Mehdipour Rabori, R., Dehghan, M. and Nematollahi, M., 2019. Nursing students’ ethical challenges in the clinical settings: A mixed-methods study. Nursing ethics, 26(7-8), pp.1983-1991.

Merkestein, W.F. and Lindeque, J.P., 2020. Demerged multinational enterprises: a study of post-demerger international strategies. European Journal of International Management, 14(1), pp.55-91.

Milutinović, B., Stefanović, G., Đekić, P.S., Mijailović, I. and Tomić, M., 2017. Environmental assessment of waste management scenarios with energy recovery using life cycle assessment and multi-criteria analysis. Energy, 137, pp.917-926.

Mitchell, A. and Education, A.E., 2018, July. A review of mixed methods, pragmatism and abduction techniques. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Research Methods for Business & Management Studies (pp. 269-277).

Moustafa, H., Youssef, A.M., Darwish, N.A. and Abou-Kandil, A.I., 2019. Eco-friendly polymer composites for green packaging: Future vision and challenges. Composites Part B: Engineering, 172, pp.16-25.

Nußholz, J.L., Rasmussen, F.N. and Milios, L., (2019). Circular building materials: Carbon saving potential and the role of business model innovation and public policy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, pp.308-316.

Saada, R. 2020. Green Transportation in Green Supply Chain Management. [online] www.intechopen.com. IntechOpen. Available at: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/72772. [Accessed Date: 17th April, 2022].

Sarkis, J., Zhu, Q. and Lai, K.H., 2011. An organizational theoretic review of green supply chain management literature. International journal of production economics, 130(1), pp.1-15.

Seman, N. A. A., Govindan, K., Mardani, A., Zakuan, N., Saman, M. Z. M., Hooker, R. E., and Ozkul, S. (2019). The mediating effect of green innovation on the relationship between green supply chain management and environmental performance. Journal of cleaner production, 229, 115-127.

Taylor, B., Henshall, C., Kenyon, S., Litchfield, I. and Greenfield, S., 2018. Can rapid approaches to qualitative analysis deliver timely, valid findings to clinical leaders? A mixed methods study comparing rapid and thematic analysis. BMJ open, 8(10), p.e019993.

Teixeira, A.A., Jabbour, C.J.C., de Sousa Jabbour, A.B.L., Latan, H. and De Oliveira, J.H.C., 2016. Green training and green supply chain management: evidence from Brazilian firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 116, pp.170-176.

Tseng, M.L., Islam, M.S., Karia, N., Fauzi, F.A. and Afrin, S., 2019. A literature review on green supply chain management: Trends and future challenges. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, pp.145-162.

Tseng, M.L., Wu, K.J., Lim, M.K. and Wong, W.P., 2019. Data-driven sustainable supply chain management performance: A hierarchical structure assessment under uncertainties. Journal of Cleaner Production, 227, pp.760-771.

Ullah, W., Nafees, M., Khurshid, M. and Nihei, T., (2019). Assessing farmers’ perspectives on climate change for effective farm-level adaptation measures in KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 191(9), pp.1-18.

Victor, G.A., Strickland, J.C., Kheibari, A.Z. and Flaherty, C., 2020. A mixed-methods approach to understanding overdose risk-management strategies among a nationwide convenience sample. International Journal of Drug Policy, 86, p.102973.

Walter, D. and Ophir, Y., 2019. News frame analysis: An inductive mixed-method computational approach. Communication Methods and Measures, 13(4), pp.248-266.

Wang, Z., Wang, Q., Zhang, S. and Zhao, X., 2018. Effects of customer and cost drivers on green supply chain management practices and environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 189, pp.673-682.

Wipulanusat, W., Panuwatwanich, K., Stewart, R.A. and Sunkpho, J., 2020. Applying mixed methods sequential explanatory design to innovation management. In The 10th International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management (pp. 485-495). Springer, Singapore.

Wiradirja, I.R., Ras, H., Pranadita, N., Macmud, S., Anwar, H. and Haspada, D., 2020. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE: ROLE OF GREEN EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT PRACTICES, GREEN TRAINING AND GREEN SHARED VISION. Journal of Security & Sustainability Issues, 10(2).

Wootton, A.R., Rice, D.R., McKowen, A.L.W. and Veldhuis, C., 2022. A Mixed-Methods and Prospective Approach to Understanding Coping Behaviors, Depression, Hopelessness, and Acute Stress in a US Convenience Sample During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Education & Behavior, p.10901981221084272.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Survey Questionnaires

Q1. What is your age group?

18-28 Years

28-38 Years

38-48 Years

48-58 Years

Above 58 Years

Q2. How long experience you have in your organisation?

2-5 Years

5-8 Years

8-11 Years

11-14 Years

14-17 Years

Q3. Why Wincanton Company needs green and sustainable supply chain management approach?

For Environmental Sustainability

For Reducing Carbon Emission

For Reducing the Using of Harmful Approaches

Q4. How the managers of Wincanton Company manage their suppliers to practice sustainably?

By Considering Governmental Legislation

By Reducing Supply Chain Expenses

By Enhancing Supplier’s Profitability

Q5. What kinds of initiatives Wincanton Company has taken for developing supply chain management system?

By Practicing Green Supply Chain

By Developing Technological Utilisation

By Enhancing Quality of Products

Q6. How Wincanton Company will be benefited by practicing sustainable and green supply chain management?

Protection Against Reputational Damage

Improvement of Continuity of Supply

Potential for New Partnership

Reduction of Environmental Impact

Q7. What kinds of challenges Winton Company has considered for adoption of sustainable and green supply chain practices?

Increasing Expenses

Problems in Negotiations

Changes in Supply Chain Infrastructure

Q8. Do you agree that Winton Company can gain opportunities by implementing green supply chain practices?

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Q9. What kinds of factors encourage your firm to implement green supply chain management practices?

Environmental Factor

Consumer Factor

Cost Factor

Supplier Factors

Q10. Do you agree that the organisational suppliers also being benefited?

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Q11. Do you agree that your any threat can be occurred in organisational profitability by implementing future green supply chain practices?

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Q12. Do you agree that the green supply chain practices helping your firm to gain competitive advantage?

Strongly Agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly Disagree

Tags: assignmentexpert, assignmenthelp, assignmenthelpaustralia, assignmenthelper, assignmenthelpuk, assignmenthelpusa, assignmentwriting, bestpriceguaranteed, bestqualityguaranteed, london󾓪, myassignmenthelp, plagiarismfreework