Overview and Components of Transnational Crime

In this unit, we will begin by exploring how the effects of globalization from times of antiquity to the present age have promoted the rise of transnational crime. To fully appreciate the dynamics involved, we will focus on two forms of transnational crime that are not a recent phenomenon – namely, piracy and slavery. We will illustrate this transformation and why countering transnational crime can be so challenging in the age of globalization. Finally, this unit will examine how we can use appropriate criminological frameworks to better appreciate the various dimensions of transnational crime, including the less visible aspects of it. This would lead us toward a discussion on the mechanisms best suited for measuring the various forms of transnational crime.

Corruption and Global Criminal Syndicates

Transnational organized crime is a common feature of most forms of transnational crime. Transnational crime networks operate the criminal process for a particular crime in different countries. For example, in the case of the production of the drug ecstasy, the producers of the drug in Holland may obtain the precursor chemicals needed for production from China and Germany, manufacture the pills in Netherlands and Belgium, ship them to Australia, and have the money from the proceeds of the drug sales laundered in banks located in the Virgin Islands.

As such, the criminal syndicate has members in different countries or working in collaboration with local criminal syndicates and individuals in other countries. In this unit, we will first examine the various network typologies of criminal syndicates. We will then evaluate the extent of global organized crime using an index of social indicators of organized crime activities. One of the key social indicators is the pervasiveness of corruption in the socio-economic and political environment of the country in question.

Global Contraband Trafficking, Money Laundering, and Financial Crime

This unit deals with four of the biggest aspects of transnational crime involving contrabands – namely drug trafficking, firearm trafficking, counterfeit goods, and money laundering. The origins of each of these major forms of transnational trafficking will be presented followed by insights on strategies used by organized crime groups, what factors facilitate such illegal trade, and the socio-economic harm caused by these transnational crimes. Finally, it will delve into new trends in each of these transnational crimes and
global conventions and strategies to counter these crimes. As you read through this unit, look out for examples you might have come across in the news regarding how each of these transnational crimes has evolved and adapted during this time of the COVID-19 pandemic.