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Referencing Guide
Richmond School of Business (RSB)
RSB Referencing Guide v1.1 February 2022 Page 2 of 5
RSB Referencing Guide
Richmond School of Business recommend all the Graduate Diploma/Certificate of Management
students to follow the Harvard referencing style as part of their assessment referencing. The details
of Harvard referencing style are given below.
Harvard Referencing Style Guide
1. Harvard Referencing Basics: Reference List
A reference list is a complete list of all the sources used when creating a piece of work. This list
includes information about the sources like the author, date of publication, title of the source and
more. A Harvard reference list must:
• Be on a separate sheet at the end of the document;
• Be organised alphabetically by author, unless there is no author then it is ordered by the
source title, excluding articles such as a, an or the;
• If there are multiple works by the same author these are ordered by date, if the works are
in the same year they are ordered alphabetically by the title and are allocated a letter (a, b, c
etc) after the date;
• Be double spaced: there should be a full, blank line of space between each line of text;
• Contain full references for all in-text references used.
Harvard Referencing Basic Format:
Book Referencing

Format:
Editor surname(s), initial(s). (Year Published). Title. Edition. Place of publication: publishers.
Example:
William, S.T. (2015). Referencing: a guide to citation rules, 3rd Edition, New York: My Publisher.
Web Referencing

Format:
Owner. (Year). Webpage Title [Online]. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]
Example
Richmond School of Business. (2022). BSBWOR501 Manage personal work priorities and professional
development [Online]. Available from: https://ilmboard1.com/rsb/course/view.php?id=109 [Accessed
23 February 2022]
2. Harvard Referencing Basics: In-Text
In-text references must be included following the use of a quote or paraphrase taken from another
piece of work. In-text references are references written within the main body of text and refer to a
quote or paraphrase. They are much shorter than full references.
The full reference of in-text citations appears in the reference list. In Harvard referencing, in-text
citations contain the author(s)’s or editor(s)’s surname, year of publication and page number(s).
Using an example author James Mitchell, this takes the form:
Mitchell (2017, p. 189) states… Or (Mitchell, 2017, p. 189)
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(Note: p. refers to a single page, pp. refers to a range of pages)
Two or Three Authors:
When citing a source with two or three authors, state all surnames like so:
Mitchell, Smith and Thomson (2017, p. 189) states… Or
(Mitchell, Coyne and Thomson, 2017, p. 189)
Four or More Authors:
In this case, the first author’s surname should be stated followed by ‘et al’:
Mitchell et al (2017, p. 189) states… Or (Mitchell et al, 2017, pp. 189 -190)
No Author:
If possible, use the organisation responsible for the post in place of the author. If not, use the title in
italics:
(A guide to citation, 2017, pp. 189-201)
Multiple Works From the Same Author in the Same Year:
If referencing multiple works from one author released in the same year, the works are allocated a
letter (a, b, c etc) after the year. This allocation is done in the reference list so is done alphabetically
according to the author’s surname and source title:
(Mitchell, 2017a, p. 189) or Mitchell (2017b, p. 189)
Citing Multiple Works in One Parentheses:
List the in-text citations in the normal way but with semicolons between different references:
(Mitchell, 2017, p. 189; Smith, 200; Andrews, 1989, pp. 165-176)
Citing Different Editions of the Same Work in One Parentheses:
Include the author(s)’s name only once followed by all the appropriate dates separated by
semicolons:
Mitchell (2010; 2017) states… Or (Mitchell, 2010; 2017)
Citing a Reference With No Date:
In this case simply state ‘no date’ in place of the year: (Mitchell, no date, p. 189).
Citing a Secondary Source:
In this case, state the reference you used first followed by ‘cited in’ and the original author:
Smith 2000 (cited in Mitchell, 2017, p. 189) or (Smith, 2000, cited in Mitchell, 2017, p. 189)
3. How to Cite Different Source Types
In-text citations remain quite constant across source types, unless mentioned explicitly, assume the
in-text citation uses the rules stated above.
Reference list references vary quite a lot between sources.
How to Cite a Book in Harvard Format
Book referencing is the simplest format in Harvard referencing style. The basic format is as follows:
Book Referencing Example:
Mitchell, J.A. and Thomson, M. (2017) A guide to citation, 3rd edn. London: London Publishers.
How to Cite an Edited Book in Harvard Format
Edited books are collations of chapters written by different authors. Their reference format is very
similar to the book reference except instead of the author name, the editor name is used followed
by (eds.) to distinguish them as an editor. The basic format is:
Editor surname(s), initial(s). (eds.) (Year Published). Title. Edition. Place of publication: publishers.
Edited Book Example:
William, S.T. (eds.) (2015) Referencing: a guide to citation rules, 3rd Edition, New York: My Publisher
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How to Cite a Chapter in an Edited Book in Harvard Format
For citing chapters, you need to add the chapter author and chapter title to the reference. The basic
format is as follows:
Chapter in an Edited Book Example:
Troy B.N. (2015) ‘Harvard citation rules’ in Williams, S.T. (ed.) A guide to citation rules. New York:
NY Publishers, pp. 34-89.
In-Text Citations: Chapter in an Edited Book
Use the chapter author surname, not the editor.
How to Cite an E-Book in Harvard Format
To reference an e-book, information about its collection, location online and the date it was
accessed are needed as well as author name, title and year of publishing:
If the e-book is accessed via an e-book reader the reference format changes slightly:
Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year Published). Title. Edition. E-book format [e-book reader].
Available at URL or DOI (Accessed: day month year)
This includes information about the e-book format and reader, for instance this could be ‘Kindle ebook [e-book reader]’.
E-Book Example:
Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M. and Coyne, R.P. (2017) A guide to citation. E-book library [online].
Available at: https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager (Accessed: 10
September 2016)
How to Cite a Journal Article in Harvard Format
The basic format to cite a journal article is:
Journal Article Example
Mitchell, J.A. ‘How citation changed the research world’, The Mendeley, 62(9), p70-81.
Journal Article Online Example
Mitchell, J.A. ‘How citation changed the research world’, The Mendeley, 62(9) [online]. Available at:
https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager (Accessed: 15 November
2016)
How to Cite a Newspaper Article in Harvard Format
Citing a newspaper article is similar to citing a journal article except, instead of the volume and issue
number, the edition and date of publication are needed:
Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Article Title’, Newspaper Title (edition), day month, page
number(s).
Note: edition is used only where applicable.
Newspaper Article Example:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017) ‘Changes to citation formats shake the research world’, The Mendeley
Telegraph (Weekend edition), 6 July, pp.9-12.
How to Cite an Online Journal or Newspaper Article in Harvard Format
To cite an online journal or newspaper article, the page numbers section from the print journal or
newspaper reference is swapped with the URL or DOI the article can be accessed from and when it
was accessed. So, the reference for an online journal article is:
Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Title of article’, Title of journal, volume(issue/season) [online].
Available at: URL or DOI (Accessed: day month year)
And the reference for an online newspaper article is:
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Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year) ‘Article Title’, Newspaper Title (edition), day month [online].
Available at: URL or DOI (Accessed: day month year)
How to Cite Non-Print Material in Harvard Format
How to Cite an Online Photograph in Harvard Format
The basic format is as follows:
Photograph surname, initial. (Year of publication) Title of photograph [online]. Available at: URL
(Accessed: day month year)
Online Photograph Example:
Millais, J.E. (1851-1852) Ophelia [online]. Available at: www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/millais-ophelian01506 (Accessed: 21 June 2014)
How to Cite a Film in Harvard Format
The basic format to cite a film is:
Film Example:
Rear Window (1954) Directed by Alfred Hitchcock [Film]. Los Angeles: Paramount Pictures.
How to Cite a TV Programme in Harvard Format
The basic format for citing a TV programme is as follows:
TV Programme Example:
‘Fly’ (2010) Breaking Bad, Series 2, episode 10. AMC, 23 May 2010.
How to Cite Music in Harvard Format
The basic format to cite an album is as follows:
Music Example:
Beyonce (2016) Lemonade [Visual Album] New York: Parkwood Records. Available at:
https://www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/ (Accessed: 17 February 2016).
How to Cite a Website in Harvard Format
The basic format to cite a website is:
Author surname(s), initial(s). (Year of publishing) Title of page/site [Online[. Available at: URL
(Accessed: day month year)
Website Example:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017) How and when to reference [Online]. Available at:
https://www.howandwhentoreference.com/ (Accessed: 27 May 2017)