001
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Interactive
Harvard UTS
Referencing
Guide
UTS:
Library
002
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Welcome to the Interactive
Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Click on the upper left menu to
jump to the generic reference
section you are after, and from
there specify the article you would
like to reference.
Use the forward and back arrows
in the top right corner to navigate
through the PDF.
This document is an interactive PDF and is designed to help
you reference quickly and simply.
This document can also be scrolled through like a regular PDF and can be printed off.
003
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
01 Books
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
004
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Reference List Model
1.1 One Author
In Use
Explanation The key elements for this book reference are:

When you cite a reference in the text of your document,
use the author’s surname and the year of publication.
If you are quoting, enclose the quote in single quotation
marks and add a page number into the text citation.
Add a page number or numbers to the in-text citation. Use
p. for one page and pp. if the quote starts on one page and
ends on another.
Lester, J.D. 2005, Writing research papers: a complete guide, 11th edn,
Pearson/Longman, New York.
Siirtola, H. 2007, Interactive visualization of multidimensional data, Tampere
University Press, Tampere.
Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. 2010, Handbook of nursing diagnosis, 13th edn,
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa.
(Lester 2005)
or
Lester (2005) was the frst to propound the theory
(Siirtola 2007, p. 16)
(Carpenito-Moyet 2010, pp. 19–20)
See
See
In-text Referencing
005
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In Use
Explanation
Reference List Model
1.2 More Than One Author
(Oshima & Hogue 2006)
(Holly, Salmond & Saimbert 2012)
(Alysen et al. 2003)
Use the ampersand symbol (&) before the last author’s
surname
If there are 4 or more authors, list the frst author and abbreviate the rest with et al.
Oshima, A. & Hogue, A. 2006, Writing academic English, 4th edn, Pearson
Longman, White Plains, NY.
Holly, C., Salmond, S.W. & Saimbert, M.K. 2012, Comprehensive systematic
review for advanced nursing practice, Springer Publishing Company,
New York.
Alysen, B., Patching, R., Oakham, K.M. & Sedorkin, G. 2003, Reporting in a
multimedia world, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW.
List all authors’ family names followed by their initials.
The rest of the reference should follow as in
See
In-text Referencing
See
006
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.3 No Author
(Maximum Linux security: a hacker’s guide to protecting
your Linux server and network 2001)
If there is no author, use the title of the work (in italics)
followed by the year.
Maximum Linux security: a hacker’s guide to protecting your Linux server
and network 2001, 2nd edn, Sams, Indianapolis, Ind.
The key elements for this reference are:

See
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.4 Organisation As An Author
(Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee 2005)
When the author is an organisation such as a government
department, or a company, treat the name of the organisation as the author surname.
Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee 2005, Personal liability
for corporate fault: discussion paper, Corporations and Markets
Advisory Committee, Sydney.
The key elements for this book reference are:

See
See
008
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(White n.d.)
(Newton c. 1713)
If you have no date for a reference, use n.d. (for ‘no date’)
instead of the year.
If you only have an approximate date, put c. (for ‘circa’,
meaning around) in front of the year
White, J. n.d., Recollections of colonial New South Wales, Debrett, London.
Newton, Sir I. c.1713, Treatise of the species and magnitude of curvilinear
fgures, Smith & Walford, London.
Follow same format as in
but replace year with n.d.
1.5 Book No Date
See
009
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.6 Different Editions
(Chissick & Kelman 1999)
(Chissick & Kelman 2000)
See rules in
and
Chissick, M. & Kelman, A. 1999, Electronic commerce: law and practice,
Sweet & Maxwell, London.
Chissick, M. & Kelman, A. 2000, Electronic commerce: law and practice,
2nd edn, Sweet & Maxwell, London.
The edition statement should appear after the title and be preceded by
and end with a comma.
You don’t need to mention the edition for a frst edition.
Edition should be abbreviated to edn
The rest of the reference should follow as in
and
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.7 Translation From The Original
(Marquez 1998)
(Tolstoy 1905, p. 70)
The year of the reference is the year of publication of the
translation, not of the original.
Marquez, G.G. 1998, One hundred years of solitude, trans. G. Rabassa,
Perennial Classics, New York.
Tolstoy, L. 1905, Miscellaneous letters and essays, trans. L. Wiener, J.M.Dent
& Co., London.
The key elements for this book reference are:

The translator’s name should be initial frst and followed by the surname,
and translator should be abbreviated to trans.
See
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.8 Edited Book With Only One Editor
(Hamilton 2005)
(Inness 2004)
Hamilton, P. (ed.) 2005, Visual research methods, vol. 4, Sage, London.
Inness, S.A. (ed.) 2004, Action chicks: new images of tough women in popular
culture, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
The key elements for this book reference are:

See
See
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.9 More Than One Editor
(Turner & Roth 2003)
(Ahmed & Sanchez Triana 2008)
(Phelps et al. 2010)
Turner, S.P. & Roth, P.A. (eds) 2003, Blackwell guide to the philosophy of the
social sciences, Blackwell, Oxford.
Ahmed, K. & Sánchez Triana, E. (eds) 2008, Strategic environmental
assessment for policies: an instrument for good governance, World
Bank, Washington, DC.
Phelps, S.J., Hak, E.B., Crill, C.M. & American Society of Health-System
Pharmacists (eds) 2010, Pediatric injectable drugs: teddy bear book,
9th edn, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethesda, Md.
List all editors’ family names followed by their initials, followed by (eds)
The rest of the reference should follow as in :
See rules in
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.10 Chapter Within An Edited Print Book
(Coleman 2003)
(White 2009) and (Robbins, Shaw & Lewis 2012)
Coleman, S. 2003, ‘Democracy in an e-connected world’, in R. Davidson (ed.),
The e-connected world: risks and opportunities, McGill Queens University Press,
Montreal, pp. 125-32.
White, J. 2009, ‘Nursing today’, in J. Crisp & C. Taylor (eds), Potter & Perry’s fundamentals
of nursing, 3rd edn, Elsevier Australia, Chatswood, NSW, pp. 1-15.
Robbins, N.C., Shaw, C.A. & Lewis, S.L. 2012, ‘Nursing management: diabetes mellitus’,
adapted by B. Davis, in D. Brown & H. Edwards (eds), Lewis’s medical-surgical
nursing: assessment and management of clinical problems, 3rd edn, Elsevier
Australia, Chatswood, NSW, pp. 1357-92.
The key elements for a book chapter reference are:

See
or
or
referencing an online chapter
Use this format where each chapter of the book has its own author and its
own title.
The in-text author is the author of the chapter and not the book editor.
Where a textbook (such as Potter and Perry above) has unit editors, and
chapters within each unit may or may not have chapter authors: use
chapter authors if given; if not use unit editors in place of chapter authors.
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.11 Online or Electronic Book
(Kim 2000)
(Kim 2000, chapter 1, para. 5)
Second example above is referencing a quote in an online
book where there are no page numbers, using chapter and
paragraph numbers. In an online graphic novel with no page
numbers use chapter and panel numbers.
Kim, A.J. 2000, Community building on the web, Safari Books Online,
Boston, viewed 1 June 2009, <http://proquest.safaribooksonline.
com/0201874849>.
If an online book has the same structure and page numbering as the
equivalent print version, reference it as the print version.
Otherwise, use the online book format above.
The publisher and place of publication now refer to the producer or host of
the online version, and the city where they are based. You must also include
the date you viewed the book online, followed by the full URL within angle
brackets.
See
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.12 Book On An eReader
(Martin 2003)
(Martin 2003, p. 83/10893)
Most eReaders can resize pages, which changes the
numbering and makes quoting from a book on an eReader
tricky. However, the bottom of each page should show both
the page number and the total number of pages (sometimes
called locations). Use the ratio of these two numbers e.g.
(Martin 2003, p. 83/10893) for quotes. Use p. even if the
reader uses locations.
Martin, G.R.R. 2003, Game of thrones, electronic book, Harper Voyager, London.
When an electronic book is on an eReader, such as Kindle, reference it
similarly to a print book (see the Martin example above) with the words
‘electronic book’ directly after the title. Get the book’s citation details from
the page after the title page, or by using the ‘Copyright’ link in the table of
contents, or from the site from which you downloaded the book. You don’t
need to put the place of publication if this is not clear. Do not put a URL or
the type of reader.
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
1.13 Books with a foreword written by a different author
Price said ‘times were tough’ (Spencer 2012, p.45)
Price in her foreword to The neon jockey said ‘times were
tough’ (Spencer 2012, p.45)
For your reference list, you can write
Spencer, T. 2012, The neon jockey, Alabaster Press,
Windhoek. Foreword by A. Price.
But this is only recommend if you are referencing the text
once, with that one reference including a quote from the
forward, otherwise the mention of the foreword becomes
extraneous.
Spencer, T. 2012, The neon jockey, Alabaster Press, Windhoek.
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
02 Journals & Newspapers
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Vixie 2011)
Print or online
Almost all online journals have a printed equivalent and
are available in PDF format. When this is the case, it makes
more sense to reference it as the print version.
Vixie, P. 2011, ‘Arrogance in business planning’, Communications of the ACM,
vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 38-41.
The key elements of a journal article are:

2.1 Journal Article One Author
See
or
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(O’Toole & Vogel 2011)
(Koussouris et al. 2010)
Use the ampersand symbol before the last author
surname.
If there are 4 or more authors, list the frst author and
abbreviate with et al.
O’Toole, J. & Vogel, D. 2011, ‘Two and a half cheers for conscious capitalism’,
California Management Review, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 60-76.
Koussouris, S., Gionis, G., Lampathaki, F., Charalabidis, Y. & Askounis, D.
2010, ‘Transforming traditional production system transactions to
interoperable eBusiness-aware systems with the use of generic process
models’, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 48, no. 19,
pp. 5711-27.
The reference list entry should have all author family names followed by their
initials.
Otherwise, follow same format as in
2.2 Journal Article More Than One Author
See
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
2.3 Journal Article
(‘Schuth wins Leibniz prize’ 2003)
With anonymous works, the title (in single quotes) replaces
author as the main entry.
‘Schuth wins Leibniz prize’ 2003 , Materials Today, vol. 6, no. 6, p. 61.
Follow same format as in
but replace Author with title of the article, in single quotes.
The journal name now comes directly after the year.
No Author
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
2.4 Online Journal Article
(Clark et al. 2003)
If there are 4 or more authors, list the frst author
followed by et al.
Clark, J., Diefenderfer, C., Hammer, S. & Hammer, T. 2003, ‘Estimating the area
of Virginia’, Journal of Online Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 3,
viewed 6 October 2009, <http://mathdl.maa.org/mathDL/4/?pa=content&
sa=viewDocument&nodeId=507>.
The reference list entry should have all author names.
If an online article is an online version of a print article (i.e. if the online
version has a pdf with page numbers), then reference it as the print version.
Only use this format if there is no printed version, or if the online version is
signifcantly different from the printed one, or there are no page numbers.
You must include the date you viewed the article, followed by the full URL
within angle brackets.
See
022
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
2.5 Newspaper & Magazine Articles
(Gutner 2003)
(‘Foreign cyber-spies’ 2009)
The second example above is for no author.
Gutner, T. 2003, ‘Fashion futures’, Business Week (Fashion Industry Supplement),
August, pp. 9-10.
‘Foreign cyber-spies’ 2009, Sydney Morning Herald, 24 November, p. 7.
If the newspaper or magazine article comes from a special section with its
own page numbering, you need to specify the section (in parentheses) after
the name of the newspaper or magazine.
See
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
2.6 Online Newspaper or Magazine Article
(Darby 2004)
Most online newspapers and magazines have a printed
equivalent with page numbers displayed. When this is the
case, reference as a print version.
Darby, A. 2004, ‘Furious Butler quits as governor’, Sydney Morning
Herald, 10 August, viewed 10 November 2009, <http://www.smh.com.au/
articles/2004/08/09/1092022411039.html?oneclick=’true’>.
Must include viewed date & URL
See
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
03 Websites or Online
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Australian Electoral Commission 2012)
(Rio Tinto 2012)
(Sydney Festival 2012)
(Author Date)
If no author, replace with title.
If year is not found, replace year with n.d.
The author can be a government body or a company name
GOVERNMENT WEBSITE: (Australian Electoral Commission
2012)
COMPANY WEBSITE: (Rio Tinto 2012)
GENERAL WEBSITE: (Sydney Festival 2012)
Australian Electoral Commission 2012, 2010 Federal election, AEC,
Canberra, viewed 28 June 2012, <http://www.aec.gov.au/elections/
federal_elections/2010/index.htm>.
Rio Tinto 2012, History, viewed 13 June 2012, <http://www.riotinto.com/aboutus/
history.asp>.
Sydney Festival 2012, Sydney festival, viewed 13 June 2012, <http://www.
sydneyfestival.org.au/info/>.
The key elements of a website reference are:
> The person or organisation who wrote or created the webpage (if known)
> The year the webpage was created or last updated. If the year is not found, use n.d.
> The title of the webpage (in italics)
> The type of website (if necessary, e.g. weblog, podcast)
> The organisation responsible for ‘publishing’ the website. If this is the same as
the author, it can be left out.
> The place where the publisher is located (can be left out if it is unclear)
> The day, month and year you last accessed the website
> The full URL <in angle brackets>.
The year and information about the website host can often be found at the bottom of
the webpage.
3.1 Websites
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
3.2 Blog or Tweet
(Green 2009)
(Obama 2009)
The frst example above is for a blog.
The second example above is for a tweet.
Green, A. 2009, ‘Fremantle by-election: should the Liberals run?’, Antony Green’s
election blog, weblog, ABC, Sydney, viewed 10 April 2009, <http://blogs.
abc.net.au/antonygreen/2009/04/fremantle-by-el.html>.
Obama, B. 2009, ‘Launched American Graduation Initiative to help
additional 5 mill. Americans graduate college by 2020’, Twitter
post, 28 January, viewed 24 February 2012, <http://twitter.com/
BarackObama/status/2651151366>.
If your website is a blog, you can (if you wish) reference a particular posting
(‘in single quotes’) as well as the blog’s main title. Type the word ‘weblog’
(which blog is short for) after the main title.
To reference a tweet, use the handle if the author name is not clear. Enclose
the full text of the tweet in single quotes. Type the words ‘Twitter post’ after
the tweet, and the day and month of the post.
See
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Crawford 2009)
(Small town salvation 2009)
(Author year) or (Title year) if no author.
Crawford, M. 2009, Shop class as soulcraft, audio podcast, Future Tense Radio
National, ABC Radio, Sydney, 5 November, viewed 18 November 2009,
<http://www.abc.net.au/rn/futuretense/stories/2009/2728755.htm>.
Small town salvation 2009, video podcast, Compass Television Program, ABC
TV, Sydney, 1 November, viewed 18 November 2009, <http://www.abc.net.
au/compass/s2707046.htm>.
If you downloaded a podcast from a website, it may be an audio fle or a video
fle. Details of the radio or television program (program name, station name,
station location, and broadcast date) should be provided.
3.3 Podcast
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(UTS Library 2009)
(UTS Library 2009, 0:54)
To reference a quote from a YouTube video, use the start
time of the quote within the video as in the second example
above.
UTS Library 2009, It’s the UTS Library with Mr Hank, videorecording, Youtube,
viewed 21 September 2009, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYP_
hZmcRgg>.
If your video is hosted on YouTube, the author (the person who uploaded
it – this might be a username) and the date it was posted can be found
underneath the video. Type the words ‘video recording’ after the main title.
3.4 YouTube
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(UTS Library 2014) UTS Library 2014, ‘Welcome back to uni! In the spirit of returning to student
life […]’, Facebook post, 25 February, viewed 25 February 2014, <https://
www.facebook.com/UTSLibrary>.
Author of the post, Year, First few words of the post (up to about 15 words)
in single quotes, Day and Month of post, viewed date, URL of Facebook page
containing the post.
3.5 Facebook Posts
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
04 Other Sources
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
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04 Other Sources
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
Legal Material
032
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
4.1 Case Law
(Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship
Co Ltd 1920).
Cases should be referenced as if in print even if viewed
electronically.
Normally case law references are listed in a separate
section, titled Case Law, after the main reference list.
Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd (1920) 28 CLR
129.
The key elements of a case are:

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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Crimes Act 1900)
(Copyright Act 1968)
You can specify particular sections of an Act if you wish,
using s. for one section or ss. for several sections.
For example:
(Crimes Act 1900, s. 41A) and (Copyright Act 1968, ss. 40-42)
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW).
Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).
Legislation should be referenced as if in print, even if viewed
electronically
Normally legislation is listed in a separate section, titled
Legislation, after the main reference list.
The key elements for an Act are:

In Australia, this should be one of Cth, NSW, Vic, Qld, WA, SA, Tas, ACT or NT.
4.2 Legislation Act
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Anti-terrorism Bill 2004)
Legislation should be referenced as if in print, even if viewed
electronically
Normally legislation is listed in a separate section, titled
Legislation, after the main reference list.
Anti-terrorism Bill 2004 (House of Representatives).
The key elements for a Bill are:

4.2 Legislation Bill
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
4.3 Parliamentary Debates Hansard
(Australia, House of Representatives 2000)
(New South Wales, Legislative Assembly 2012)
Traditionally you should include the volume number of the
Debates, as in the frst example above, but many online
versions of Hansard do not mention the volume number. In
such cases it is acceptable to put the day and month of the
debate instead, as in the second example above. You do not
need to put the URL even if you viewed the Hansard online.
Page numbers of online Hansard can be found on the pdf
version.
Australia, House of Representatives 2000, Debates, vol. HR103, pp. 2-9.
New South Wales, Legislative Assembly 2012, Debates, 3 May, pp. 11095-11100.
Jurisdiction, House of Parliament, Year, Date or volume number, Pages
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Convention relating to the non-fortifcation and
neutralisation of the Aaland Islands 1921)
(Treaty Name year the treaty was signed or opened for
signature)
Convention relating to the non-fortifcation and neutralisation of the Aaland
Islands 1921, 9 LNTS 211, opened for signature 20 October 1921, entered
into force 6 April 1922.
Treaty Title Year of opening/Year of signing, Volume Abbreviated Treaty Series
name frst page, signed /opened for signature full date, entered into force full
date.
You only need reference the treaty if you are quoting from it. If another
document mentions the treaty, reference that document instead.
Only include the entered into force date if this date is different to the date the
treaty was made open for signature
4.4 Treaty
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
04 Other Sources
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
Sound, Film and Image
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Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Muriel’s wedding 1994)
(The edge of the possible 1998)
Muriel’s wedding 1994, motion picture, Roadshow Entertainment, Sydney.
The edge of the possible 1998, DVD, Ronin Films, Canberra.
The key elements of a flm or audiovisual reference are:

Although you are likely to view most feature flms (i.e. movies) as DVDs, you
should still reference feature flms with the format ‘motion picture’ rather than
‘DVD’.
4.6 Film, Video or Audiovisual
Rules for scripts, see
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Van Gogh 1890)
(Rodin 1884-89)
Image referencing from a publicly
accessible website
Van Gogh, V. 1890, Undergrowth with two fgures, Google Cultural
Institute, viewed 4 March 2014, <http://www.google.com/
culturalinstitute/asset-viewer/undergrowth-with-two-fgures/
PgGaehoXTiERQQ?projectId=art-project>.
Rodin, A. 1884-89, Burghers of Calais, photographed by J. Howe, Boston
College Fine Arts Department, viewed 3 March 2014, <http://www.
bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/rodin/rodin_burghers.html>.
Artist name, Year of original work, Title of original work in italics, Hosting organisation of website
where found, viewed date, URL of the image.

indicate an approximation. Use a range of years if appropriate.
4.7 Image or Artwork Viewed Online or in Print Continued
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Explanation
(Brodhead Public Library c.1900)
(Sculpture by the sea – Elephant 2009)
Image referencing from Flickr or similar
image hosting site
Both the examples above show the format where the creator
of the original artwork is not known
Brodhead Public Library c.1900, Wisconsin Historical Images, Flickr, viewed 8
March 2014, <http://www.flickr.com/photos/whsimages/4566401462>.
Sculpture by the sea – Elephant 2009, photographed by A. Wain,
Flickr, viewed 4 February 2014, <http://www.flickr.com/photos/alex
wain/4091011517/>.
Where the image is on a hosted site such as Flickr, note the organisation or
individual who posted or photographed the image between the title and the
host site name. If the full name is not given, use the username instead.
4.7 Image or Artwork Viewed Online or in Print Continued
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In Use
Explanation
(Yardley & Co., Ltd. 1928)
(Degas c.1874)
(Emperor Claudius 40-50)
Image referencing from a database
Yardley & Co., Ltd. 1928, Yardley’s old English lavender soap, viewed 8
December 2010, <Ad*Access database, item ID: BH1950>.
Degas, E. c.1874, The rehearsal of the ballet onstage, viewed 4 March 2014,
<ARTstor database, ID number: 594>.
Emperor Claudius 40-50, photographed by I. Geske, viewed 5 March 2014,
<ARTstor database, Accession number: 1965.10>.
4.7 Image or Artwork Viewed Online or in Print Continued
The key elements in a reference for an image found in a
database are:

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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Gaunt 1970, p. 17)
Image referencing from a printed source
Gaunt, W. 1970, The impressionists, Thames & Hudson, London.
If you are citing an image from a printed source, reference the printed source
as normal and use a page number in your in-text citation to indicate which
page the image comes from.
4.7 Image or Artwork Viewed Online or in Print
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Explanation
(Rodin 1886)
(Olley 2000)
Note that this applies only to an original artwork. Normally
you will be referencing a reproduction, in which case see the
previous page.
If the image is your own work, you do not need to reference
it, just make it clear in your text that it is yours. If the image
is yours but is an image of another person’s work, you
should reference that work.
Rodin, A. 1886, The lovers, sculpture, Rodin Museum, Paris.
Olley, M. 2000, Proteas in the kitchen, painting, private collection.
Reference List Format:

the work, use n.d. for ‘no date’ instead of the year. If you only have an approximate
date, put c. for ‘circa’, meaning around) in front of the year: e.g. (Michelangelo n.d.)
and (Picasso c. 1893)].

4.7 Image Or Artwork 1 Viewed Original Artwork
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Explanation
(Canberra frestorm 2003)
(PM 2004)
Canberra frestorm 2003, television program, Catalyst, ABC TV, Sydney,
3 March.
PM 2004, radio program, ABC Radio 702AM, Sydney, 2 June.
Key elements of a television or radio broadcast are:

4.8 TV or Radio Program
Rules for scripts, see
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Explanation
(Beaufoy 2008)
(Adams 2003)
(Rossen 1943)
(Beaufoy 2008) and (Adams 2003) Scripts published in book
format (i.e. referenced same way as you reference a book).
The examples are for a movie, and for a radio show.
(Rossen 1943) Online via a database such as American Film
Scripts Online. The authors are the script writers.
Beaufoy, S. 2008, Slumdog millionaire: the shooting script, Newmarket Press,
New York.
Adams, D. 2003, The hitchhiker’s guide to the galaxy: the original radio scripts,
Pan, London.
Rossen R. 1943, Edge of darkness, shooting script, viewed 6 April 2014,
<American Film Scripts Online database>.
Scripts
Continued
4.9
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Explanation
(Cameron 2007)
(Siodmak & Ardel 1943)
(Koenig 1980)
(Kogen & Wolodarsky 1991)
(Cameron 2007) Online via a website.
A copy of the actual script itself normally counts as
‘unpublished’, hence the single quotes rather than italics
for the title in the last three examples above.
The authors are the script writers. Put in copyright details
if noted on the script, otherwise leave out.
For television series, the name of the series comes before
the name of the episode, as shown in (Koenig 1980) and
(Kogen & Wolodarsky 1991)
Cameron, J. 2007, Avatar, shooting script, Twentieth Century Fox, viewed 20
June 2012, <http://web.archive.org/web/20100525105437/http://www.
foxscreenings.com/media/pdf/JamesCameronAVATAR.pdf>.
Siodmak, C. & Ardel, W. 1943, ‘I walked with a zombie’, shooting script, RKO
Radio Pictures.
Koenig, D. 1980, ’M*A*S*H: April Fools’, television script.
Kogen, J. & Wolodarsky, W. 1991, ‘The Simpsons: Bart’s friend falls in love’,
television script, Twentieth Century Fox.
4.9 Scripts Continued
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04 Other Sources
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
Unpublished Sources
048
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Allen 2012)
(Madden 2012)
Please note that it is recommended that you avoid (if
possible) referring to lecture notes. Instead try to locate
a published source, i.e. a book or journal article.
Allen, B. 2012, ‘Things you need to know about groceries’,
UTS Online Subject 95206, lecture notes, UTS, Sydney, viewed 28 March
2012, <www.online.uts.edu.au /95206/groceries/>.
Madden, X.V. 2012, ‘Lecture 6: The life cycle of a plastic bottle’, UTS Online
Subject 77709, PowerPoint presentation, UTS, Sydney, viewed 22 March
2012, <www.online.uts.edu.au/77709/lecture_6/>.
4.10 Lecture Notes / PowerPoints / UTS Online
Referencing a PowerPoint slide, lecture notes or subject documents found on
the web (e.g. UTS Online) is similar to referencing a website. So you need to
include the date you viewed it, and the URL.
If you are referencing an article or book chapter contained within course
material, reference it as the original hard copy article or book chapter, even if
the course material is online.
See
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Previous assignments should not be
referenced, as they have not been published
and are therefore impossible for the reader
to trace. If you are referring to facts, quotes
or data that you have used in a previous
assignment, you can simply reuse the
appropriate references.
4.11 Previous assignment
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Explanation
Examples of in text references:
Jones (1989, pers. comm., 6 May) believed that this was
not relevant.
This was confrmed by email (Brown 2008, pers. comm., 3
July).
Personal communications can take a number of forms and are not normally
available for consultation except under special circumstances. For this reason it
is not normally necessary to refer to personal communications in your reference list.
In the text of your document you should specify the year and the date (day and
month) when the personal communication took place.
Personal communications include emails, letters, phone and in-person
conversations, where you personally are the one being communicated with.
4.12 Personal Communication
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Explanation
4.13 Unpublished works
A work is unpublished if it was produced in a very limited number of copies
and has never been available commercially. The most common examples are
theses and unpublished conference papers. Manuscripts and diaries are unpublished works. With these, add details about where the works are located.
The main difference with referencing unpublished works is that the main title
is not in italics but instead is enclosed in single quotes.
(Babayan 1993)
(Bowden & Fairley 1996)
(Hudson 1909-18)
(Adams 1917)
Babayan, K. 1993, ‘The waning of the Qizilbash: the spiritual and temporal in
seventeenth century Iran’, PhD thesis, Princeton University, NJ.
Bowden, F.J. & Fairley, C.K. 1996, ‘Endemic STDs in the Northern Territory:
estimations of effective rates of partner exchange’, paper presented to the Scientifc
meeting of the Royal Australian College of Physicians, Darwin, 24-25 June.
Hudson, D.E. 1909-18, ‘Diary’, Hudson papers, Fisher Library, University of
Sydney.
Adams, D.E. 1917, ‘My journey to Khartoum’, in possession of M.A. Adams,
Adelaide.
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Explanation
(University of Technology, Sydney 2009)
(Jones 2012)
University of Technology, Sydney 2009, UTS: Staff safety & wellbeing at work:
computer comfort, pamphlet, UTS, Sydney.
Jones, A. 2012, Paper mountain, zine, no. 1, Sydney.
4.14 Pamphlets and Zines
Note the word “pamphlet” or “zine” is required after the
title.
See
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04 Other Sources
Please Click On What You Would Like To Reference:
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Bellemare et al. 2006)
Cochrane systematic reviews are usually sourced from the
library’s Wiley online databases or can be sourced from
Cochrane Library online.
For referencing purposes, we recommend you use Wiley
online database to view the key reference elements.
Bellemare, S., Wiebe, N., Russell, K.F., Klassen, T.P. & Craig, W.R. 2006,
‘Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration to
gastroenteritis in children’, Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, Issue 3, viewed 31 August 2011,
<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004390.pub2/
abstract>.
The key elements for Cochrane systematic reviews are:

4.15 Cochrane Systematic Reviews
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
(Smith, Thomas & Piekarski 2008)
Use the ampersand symbol before the last author surname.
If there are 4 or more authors, list the frst author and
abbreviate with et al.
(Include single quotations marks and page numbers if using
a direct quote.)
Smith, R.T., Thomas, B.H. & Piekarski, W. 2008, ‘Tech note: digital foam’, IEEE
Symposium on 3D User Interfaces 2008, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, pp. 35-8.
The key elements of a conference paper reference are:

Use this format for a single paper from a conference proceedings. To reference the whole
conference proceedings as one work, treat it as an edited book instead. If an online conference
paper has an equivalent printed version, reference it as if it was the print version.
4.16 Conference Paper Published
See
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Explanation
(Bowden & Fairley 1996)
See
Bowden, F.J. & Fairley, C.K. 1996, ‘Endemic STDs in the Northern Territory:
estimations of effective rates of partner exchange’, paper presented to
the Scientifc Meeting of the Royal Australian College of Physicians,
Darwin, 24-25 June.
Sometimes a paper presented at a conference does not get published and so
has a slightly different format. There is no publisher, or page numbers, and
the year now refers to the year the conference was held. You must now also
include the conference location, and the days and month the conference was
held.
4.16 Conference Paper 1 Unpublished
See
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Explanation
(Jakubowicz 2002) Jakubowicz, A. 2002, ‘Race vilifcation and communal leadership’, Beyond
tolerance: national conference on racism, Human Rights and Equal
Opportunities Commission, Sydney, viewed 2 September 2009, <http://
www.humanrights.gov.au/racial_discrimination/conferences/beyond_tol
erance>.
If there is no printed version, or if the online version is different from the
printed one, or there are no page numbers then use the format above.
Publisher now refers to the producer of the online version. You must include
the date you viewed the online paper, followed by the full URL within angle
brackets.
4.16 Conference Paper 2 Viewed Online
See
See
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Explanation
4.17 Reports (Including ABS)
(Dept of Foreign Affairs and Trade 1999, p. 8)
Include single quotation marks and page numbers if using a
direct quote.
Dept of Foreign Affairs and Trade 1999, Annual report 1998-99, DFAT, Canberra.
Law Reform Commissioner of Tasmania 1996, Report on public
fundraising by charitable institutions, Report Number 75, Government
Printer, Hobart.
Reports are often in-house publications, usually have very focused subject
matter, and may be only a few pages in length. They often have a report
number. Report authors are often organisations.
Examples of reports would be company annual reports, heritage reports,
departmental reports, research group reports, and some ABS publications.
Reports are referenced in a very similar way to books.
(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009) Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009, Education and work, Australia, May
2009, cat. no. 6227.0, ABS, Canberra, viewed 24 November 2009,
<http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/6227.0?OpenDocument>.
See
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In-text Referencing Reference List Model
In Use
Explanation
4.18 Reports from a Database
(Passport 2014)
(MarketLine 2013)
(DatAnalysis Premium 2014)
Passport 2014, Snack bars in Argentina, category briefng, viewed 6 April 2014,
<Passport database>.
MarketLine 2013, Childrenswear in Australia, industry profle, viewed 31 March
2014, <MarketLine database>.
DatAnalysis Premium 2014, Qantas Airways Limited, company report, viewed 9
April 2014, <DatAnalysis Premium database>.
Use the name of the database as the author if no author is given.
Key elements are:
Name of Database, Year, Title of report (in italics), Type of report (if any),
Viewed date, Name of Database (in <angle brackets>).
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Explanation
(Babayan 1993)
(Nassif 1984)
Include single quotation marks and page numbers if using a
direct quote.
Example of a print thesis:
Babayan, K. 1993, ‘The waning of the Qizilbash: the spiritual and temporal in
seventeenth century Iran’, PhD thesis, Princeton University, NJ.
Example of an online thesis:
If you accessed the thesis online you can, if you wish, add in the date you viewed it
and the full URL:
Nassif, N.M. 1984, ‘Theoretical aspects of the continuously varying schedule
process for timber drying’, M Eng. thesis, University of Technology,
Sydney, viewed 23 November 2009, <http://hdl.handle.net/2100/263>.
The Key elements of a thesis reference are:

not need to list the city separately. Include the state or country if there
is a chance of confusion (e.g. University of Newcastle, NSW) or if the
place is not well known.
4.19 Thesis Printed & Online
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Explanation
(Cookson 1985)
(Standards Australia 2008)
Cookson, A.H. 1985, Particle trap for compressed gas insulation transmission
systems, US Patent 4554399.
Standards Australia 2008, Personal flotation devices – general requirements, AS
4658.1-2008, Standards Australia, Sydney.
4.20 Standards & Patents
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Explanation
4.21 Dictionaries & Encyclopedias
Paper dictionary: Macquarie dictionary defnes spruik as ‘to
harangue or address a meeting’ (Macquarie Dictionary 2012).
Online dictionary: Collins dictionary defnes the action to wimple
as ‘to cover with or put a wimple on’ (Collins Dictionary 2012).
Paper Encyclopedia: Lemons are described as ‘yellowy soury
things that grow on trees’ (Wiseman’s Encyclopedia 2010, p. 767).
Online Encyclopedia: Oranges are described as ‘round tangy
things that grow on trees’ (Acumen Encyclopedia 2007).
Dictionaries and Encyclopedias are referenced like a book
with no author. If in print (or if online but the same as the
print) you only need an in-text reference for a dictionary
reference. You don’t need to put print dictionaries in your
reference list.
If quoting from an encyclopedia, use page numbers if in
print; if online use the method for quoting from an online
book. You don’t need to put page numbers if quoting from
a dictionary (because it’s obvious where the quote comes
from).
For an online-only dictionary or encyclopedia, because you need to include
information about the web address, reference like an online book with no
author, and include in your reference list. The web address should be the
main website address, not the address of the particular entry you looked up
(see examples above). As with an online book, if the place of publication is
not given you can leave it out.
[First example does not appear in the reference list because it’s a print
dictionary].
Collins Dictionary 2012, HarperCollins, London, viewed 15 November 2012,
<http://www.collinsdictionary.com/>.
Wiseman’s Encyclopedia 2010, 2nd edn, Wiseman Publishing, Captain’s Flat,
NSW.
Acumen Encyclopedia 2007, Acumen Publishing, viewed 15 November 2012,
<http://www.acumenencyc.com/>.
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Explanation
4.22 Media Release or Press Release
The second example is for a media release when viewed online.
(Watersmith 2000) Watersmith, C. 2000, BHP enters new era, media release, 1 March, BHP
Limited, Melbourne.
Watersmith, C. 2000, BHP enters new era, media release, 1 March, BHP
Limited, Melbourne, viewed 18 February 2010, <www.bhp.com.au/
mediarelease18897/>.
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05 Reference Lists & General Rules
Please Click On What You Would Like To Know:
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Barbas-Rhoden, L. 2003, Writing women in Central America: gender and the fctionalization of history, Ohio University Press,
viewed 17 June 2010, <http://site.ebrary.com/lib/utslibrary/Doc?id=10124766>.
Furnham, A. 1990, ‘Work and leisure satisfaction’, in M. Strack (ed.), Subjective well-being: an interdisciplinary perspective,
Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 235-60.
Tooth, A.S., Spence, J. & University of Strathclyde 1986, Applied solid mechanics, 2nd edn, Elsevier Applied Science, London.
Wagner, C.S., Shehata, S., Henzler, K., Yuan, J. & Wittemann, A. 2011, ‘Towards nanoscale composite particles of dual
complexity’, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 366, no. 1, pp. 115-23.
5.1 An Example of a Reference List
The reference list is sorted
alphabetically by author (or title
when no author is found).
In order of appearance the frst
is a website, then a book chapter
in an edited book, followed
by a book and a journal article.
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When you cite a reference in the
text of your document, use the
author surname and the year of
publication. This is called an intext reference. For example:
> The theory was frst propounded in 1970 (Larsen
1971).
> If there are 4 or more authors, list the frst author
and abbreviate with et al.
> If the author name is already in the text immediately
in front of the in-text reference, you can use just the
year. e.g.: Larsen (1971) was the frst to propound the
theory.
> If you have a group of references cited together in
the text, they should be ordered alphabetically by
frst author surname: e.g. (Hawking & Weinberg 2009;
Larsen 1971; Smith 1997).
> If you have no date for a reference, use n.d. (for ‘no
date’) instead of the year. If you only have an
approximate date, put c. (for ‘circa’, meaning around) in
front of the year: e.g. (White n.d.) and (Beethoven c. 1813).
> All in-text references must be included in a single
list of full references at the end of your document.
The exception to this rule is personal communication
> This list must be arranged alphabetically by author
surname or by title in the absence of an author. It
should begin on a new page, and can be either single
or double spaced. If single spaced, when a reference
is more than one line long the extra lines are indented
by a tab space (this is called a ‘hanging indent’). The
preference for single or double spacing varies across
faculties so you should consult your lecturer or faculty
assignment writing guide about this.
> If your author’s name has ‘Junior’ or ‘Senior’, eg W. Strunk
Jr, cite with just the surname in the text, eg: (Strunk &
White 1979). In your reference list place Jr or Sr after the
fnal initial of the author’s frst names, eg: Strunk W. Jr &
White E.B. 1979, The elements of style, 3rd edn, Macmillan,
New York.
5.2 In Text References & The Reference List
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It has been suggested that ‘the taxation advantage enjoyed by superannuation funds, relative to private investment in shares, was somewhat neutralised
in 1988’ (McGrath & Viney 1997, p. 137).
We see evidence of this in Ulysses:
Mr Bloom stood far back, his hat in his hand, counting the bared heads. Twelve. I’m thirteen. No.
The chap in the macintosh is thirteen. Death’s number. Where the deuce did he pop out of? He wasn’t
in the chapel, that I’ll swear. Silly superstition that about thirteen. (Joyce 1992, p. 139)
If you are merely summarising or paraphrasing, rather than directly quoting, then you do not need to give page numbers. However
you can if you wish, and it is strongly recommended that you do so if the work you are referencing has a large number of pages.
If you are using a short quote
use single quotation marks and
your in-text reference must give
the page number(s) where the
quote comes from. Use p. for a
single page or pp. for several
pages. For example:
When making a direct quote
of more than about thirty words
do not use quotation marks but
include the quote as a separate
paragraph, indented from the
text margin and set in smaller
type.
5.3 Referencing Quotations
Continued
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‘A number of revenue initiatives have been released since the Government came to offce, with an estimated impact of $8.9 billion over the forward
estimates period’ (Department of Finance 2009, para. 5).
In the Summer Collections section of the Fashion Report for 2013, it was predicted that ‘red would be the colour for 2014’ (Style Daily 2013, para. 16).
If you are sourcing a quotation
from a website, you will not be
able to quote a page number,
so instead use the paragraph
number, abbreviated with the
term ‘para.’
If the webpage is particularly
long and unwieldy, describe the
section of the website that contains your quotation in the body
of your writing, and then mention
the paragraph number in the intext citation.
5.3 Referencing Quotations
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5.4 A Quote From A Work Citing Another Author
Einstein stated in 1906 that ‘time is relative’ (Thorne 2003,
p. 17).
OR Thorne (2003, p. 17) notes that in 1906 Einstein stated that
‘time is relative’.
OR According to Thorne (2003, p. 17) it was Einstein who
stated that ‘time is relative’ in 1906.
OR Einstein (1906, cited in Thorne 2003, p.17) stated that ‘time
is relative’.
OR ‘Time is relative’ according to Einstein (Thorne 2003, p.
17).
OR ‘Time is relative’ (Einstein, cited in Thorn 2003, p. 17).
Sometimes a work you are using discusses a work from another
author. Citing work from another author may occur in PowerPoint
slides, lecture notes, books or journal articles. For example, in a
book by Thorne, written in 1994, on page 78 you find a reference
to a 1906 paper by Albert Einstein. To cite the work by Einstein you
should mention Einstein’s paper in the text and use Thorne as your
in-text reference, with page number.
In your reference list you must have the full reference for Thorne.
If you wish, you may also include the reference for Einstein (you
can get this from Thorne’s bibliography), but this isn’t necessary
because you haven’t actually consulted the Einstein paper directly.
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Explanation
5.5 Multiple Works By Same Author
(Dickinson 2009a)
(Dickinson 2009b).
Distinguish two or more works in the same year by the same
author by adding a, b, c after the year.
The a, b, c is determined by the alphabetical order of the
Titles in the reference list.
Dickson, A. 2009a, German pop culture: how ‘American’ is it?, University of
Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Dickson, A. 2009b, New membranes and advanced materials for wastewater
treatment, American Chemical Society, Washington. DC.
The order in the reference list is determined by the alphabetical order of
the Titles.
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Explanation
5.6 Multiple Works by the Same Author from Different Years
(Smith 2003)
(Smith 2006)
If you have two references by the same author, but the
references were printed in different years, list the references
in chronological order in your reference list.
Smith, A. 2003, To truly know a dingo, Canine Group, Sydney.
Smith, A. 2006, First impressions of the two fngered sloth, Canine Group, Sydney.
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5.7 Corporate authors with very long names
Sometimes the author of a reference can be an organisation with
a long name. This makes in-text referencing diffcult if you need to
reference it often. To deal with this, you may use an abbreviation of
the organisation’s name, if you wish, as follows.
• When you frst mention the organisation in your document you
need to make clear what its abbreviation is. For example (there
are many ways of doing this, you can use any way that makes
it clear): According to the Department of Foreign Affairs and
Trade (DFAT 2006) …
• Thereafter in your document text you can refer to the author
using its abbreviated name (in this case, as DFAT), including in
any in-text references, eg (DFAT 2007).
• In your reference list, you must list all the references as normal
using the full organisational name.
• You also need to put one extra entry into your reference list for
the abbreviation, in the appropriate place alphabetically, indicating what the full name is. This entry is of the form: Abbreviation
– see Full name.
• Note that the abbreviation’s entry does not have a date. Note
also that there might be one or more references in your list that
come between the full names and the abbreviation.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2006, Policy guidelines,
DFAT, Canberra.
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2007, Policy
amendments, DFAT, Canberra.
Derwin, J.K. 1999, ‘Referencing challenges for university students’,
Journal of Higher Education, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 34-40.
Dexter, A.J. & Smith, B. 2011, Fresh water availability in New
Zealand, Victoria University Press, Wellington.
DFAT – see Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
Interactive Harvard UTS Referencing Guide
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