Harvard Referencing

What is referencing?

Referencing is a way of acknowledging other peoples’ ideas and work. You do this through a citation (in the
text of your work) and a reference at the end of your work.

Citing within the text of your work

The citation within the text of your work is a brief acknowledgement (Surname, Year). If you are using a
direct quotation or paraphrasing a specific idea you need to also include the page number, e.g. (Surname,
Year, p.12). This is so your reader can locate the specific information you are referring to without needing
to read the entire work. Please note quotations are in quotation marks.
Example paraphrase:
…Multiple factors impact an individual’s perceived body image. Jones (2010, p.21) has suggested that
body image is related to self-esteem, others believe a more complex relationship exists (Philips, 1995;
Norton, 2005).
Example quotation:
… whilst it is possible that “poor parenting has little effect on primary educational development it more
profoundly affects secondary or higher educational achievement” (Healey, 2003, p.22).

References list and bibliography

References list: a list of all the sources that you have cited within your work
Bibliography: a list of everything that you have cited and everything that you have used to help improve
your understanding of the topic. Check to see if your tutor wants a references list or a full bibliography.

Book

Format
Author surname, initials. (Year) Title. Edition if it is not the first edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example
Bowling, A. (2009) Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. 3rd ed.
Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Journal article

Format
Author surname, initials. (Year) Title of article. Journal Name. Volume number(issue or part number),
pp.first and last page numbers.
Example
Gilbert, D. A. and Hayes, E. (2009) Communication and outcomes of visits between older patients and
nurse practitioners. Nursing Research. 58(4), pp.283-293.

Newspaper

Format
Journalist surname, initials. (Year) Title of news item. Name of newspaper. Day, Month, pp.first and last
page numbers.
Example
Peters, R. (2009) Picking up Maxwell’s bills. Independent. 4 June, p.28.

Website

Format
Author (Year) Title. Source [online]. Available from: URL [Accessed date].
Example
Stroke Association (2012) Our campaigns. Stroke Association [online]. Available from:
https://www.stroke.org.uk/what-we-do/our-campaigns/what-we-achieve-together [Accessed 24/08/16].

Harvard Referencing

Example Essay (please note this is a fictional example, only the references are correct).

There has been a tendency amongst health workers to diagnose women experiencing domestic violence
with a mental illness, rather than identifying the distress as a result of violence (Harne and Radford, 2008,
p.44). However, progress has been made in helping the general public to recognise the signs and raise
awareness of the many support networks in the UK (Stroke Association, 2012). Some social work
practitioners have used different techniques to try and change the environment where domestic violence is
prevalent (Gray, 2009).
The education of health practitioners now includes ways of identifying and supporting victims of domestic
violence “the NMC recognizes the importance of community nurses in supporting families to contact the
support services where domestic violence occurs” (Williamson et al., 2008, p.25).

References List – (check with your tutor to see if they want just a references list or a full bibliography)

Bibliography – (check with your tutor to see if they want just a references list or a full bibliography)

Gray, B. (2009) Befriending excluded families in Tower Hamlets: the emotional labour of family support
workers in cases of child protection and family support. British Journal of Social Work, 39(6), pp.990-1007.
Harne, L. and Radford, J. (2008) Tackling domestic violence: theories, policies and practice. Maidenhead:
Open University Press.
Hinchliff, S., Norman, S. and Schober, J. (2008) Nursing practice and health care. 5th ed. London: Hodder
Arnold.
NSPCC (2009) Children talking to ChildLine about parental alcohol drug misuse. NSPCC [online]. Available
from:
http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/publications/casenotes/parental_alcohol_drug_misuse_wda78113.html
[Accessed 17th July 2013].
Stroke Association (2012) Our campaigns. Stroke Association [online]. Available from:
https://www.stroke.org.uk/what-we-do/our-campaigns/what-we-achieve-together [Accessed 24/08/16].
Weber, J. R. (2010) Nurses’ handbook of health assessment. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Williamson, G. R., Jenkinson, T. and Proctor-Childs, T. (2008) Nursing in contemporary healthcare
practice. Exeter: Learning Matters.

We recommend you consult your tutor to see if they have a preferred referencing style.