BEHV1021
The Individual in Society
Workbook
Tutorial 2
Self & Identty
Writen and compiled by Dr Tim Grifn
Contributons by Dr Sky Hugman
School of Social Sciences
We expect you to prepare for Tutorial 2 by completng this workbook. Prepared students are more
engaged than unprepared students, contribute more to informed discussions, and learn more.
The beneft of preparaton and being informed only accrues if you do your own work. Studying in
groups is OK, but not doing the work is not OK.
It is sometmes temptng to piggyback on the work of others, especially if there are marks at stake.
We therefore require you to make the following declaraton.
I declare that I have not copied or received the work of another student (or other students) to
complete the preparatory exercises in this Tutorial Workbook.
Y N (delete one)
Delete N with a clear conscience
(If you can’t delete N clear conscience your Workbook will not get marked.)
Please add your text in blue so we can see your answers more clearly
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 2
Completng this Workbook is preparaton for your second writen assignment –
Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2.
Before submitting your workbook you are required to tick (or mark in some form) one of the following boxes, to
indicate how much of this workbook you have completed:
Less than half the
questions.
More than half but not
every question.
Every question.
(4 marks)
Tutorials 2, 3, 4 and 5 help you prepare for Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2.
Topic of Tutorial 2: Self and identty
Sub-topics of Self and Identty
1. Self -Awareness
2. Self -Concept – Who am I?
3. Self -Esteem
You will choose one sub-topic from this tutorial for your Learning Journal.
You should not choose untl you have explored all three sub-topics.
The sub-topics for Self and Identty are covered in your textbook – Chapter 3 The Self in the Social
World.
They are also covered in Online (Lecture) Topic 5 – Self and Identty.
To complete this Workbook you will need to refer to the following:
· Learning Guide;
· Textbook;
· Lecture on Self and Identty;
· Readings linked from this Workbook
Relevant readings for the sub-topics are referenced under each sub-topic.

Note that while this workbook provides structure for your preparation and learning for preparation for
Reflection 2, your tutorial discussions will not cover all exercises or discussions contained in this
workbook.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 3
Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2 Informaton
On page 7 of this workbook there is some informaton about reflectve writng.
You can visit the Study Smart website to help you with this task. The secton on resources has links
to material on reflectve writng.
htps://www.westernsydney.edu.au/studysmart/home/self-help_resources/downloads
Review the assessment informaton and fll in the boxes below.
In your own words, describe what is meant by ‘scholarly reflecton’.
You can use this guide to help you
htps://www.westernsydney.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_fle/0004/1082686/
Reflectve_writng_Purpose.pdf
Why do you think the Reflecton (Learning Journal) has been included as an assessment in this unit
and what you are expected to get from it (or what you hope to get from it – a ‘pass’ is not a good
answer)?
For the Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2, you will be choosing one sub-topic from each of tutorials 2, 3
and 4. What is meant by ‘sub-topic’? Write an example of a sub-topic for Tutorial 2 in the box
below.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 4
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 5
Refer to the Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2 Marking Sheet (next page).
What do you need to access to address the frst criterion, ‘Reflecton’?
Notce the weight (marks) for each criterion.
Where is the emphasis – where do you earn most marks?
How might you distribute your words for each secton?
Is it more important to get the word count right, or answer the queston well?
For your own reflecton, note any questons you have about the Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2 and
the Marking Sheet. You can check the discussion forum on Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2 in vUWS
to see if your questons have been answered, if not ask your questons there.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 6

BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 8
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 9
Reflectve writng
This secton of the workbook contains some general advice about reflectve writng at university that
will help you to understand and apply key text features and style for this writng genre.
What is reflectve writng at university?
Most writen tasks at university will require you to write in an objectve way ― that is, avoiding
personal bias or opinion and instead analysing how ideas and evidence in scholarly texts weigh up.
Most university assignments require you to show this objectvity by writng in the third person (not
using I, myself, my) and omitng reference to personal experience.
Reflectve writng is an excepton to objectve types of academic writng such as traditonal essays
and reports. Reflectve writng focuses on analysing personal learning experiences relatve to a unit
of study, and the frst person (I, myself, my) is used. In this way, the approach is subjectve, however
reflectve writng is expected to: retain a formal tone; defne, explain or discuss concepts and
theories; analyse rather than just describe, and use resources and correct referencing conventons.
When reflectve writng is part of an assessment, it is also important that personal learning stories
are told diplomatcally and ethically and careful judgement is made on what stories are appropriate
to include. In general, but not exclusively, reflectve texts can include discussion about:
· How connectons have been made between scholarly ideas and theories and everyday life;
· Any conflicts experienced between scholarly ideas and theories and everyday life;
· Experiences, events or actvites that sparked deeper understanding of the content being
studied;
· What was challenging, inspiring, confusing, and/or useful and why;
· What learning strategies have been developed and how;
· What assumptons (taken for granted beliefs) have been challenged in the learning process;
· What academic skills have been developed and why/how;
· What style of learning (e.g. visual, online, face-to-face, peer discussion) has been most effectve;
· How knowledge and learning gained can inform future acton in both study and everyday life.
The dot-points and example above provide only some examples of what might be addressed in
reflectve writng.
For your Reflectve Learning Journal assessment, you are required to answer the set questons
outlined in the Learning Guide, but the points and example over the page may help generate ideas
for your answers and the style of your writng.
Below is an example of reflectve writng that summarises the frst chapter of your textbook for The
Individual in Society as well as including personal responses to it.

Note that the above is not a Learning Journal entry. It is just an example of reflectve writng.
Make sure you read the assignment requirements in the Learning Guide. Make sure you refer to the
Marking Sheet and design your assignment accordingly.
Model Learning Journal Entry
Note that the model Learning Journal Entry is not a Learning Journal sub-topic. It is just an example
entry. You will need to use this entry to learn how to apply and respond to feedback.
Make sure you read the assignment requirements in the Learning Guide.
Make sure you refer to the Marking Sheet and design your assignment accordingly.
Example of Summary and Relevance to Social World
The sub-topic summarised in this example is ‘bystander apathy’ and the larger topic is ‘prosocial
behaviour’. These are not sub-topics that you will focus on, they are simply examples. Make sure
you choose a sub-topic from the list in each workbook.
You may reference the appropriate lecture (see notes for this model entry). You can fnd a discussion
about how to do this on the forums too.
There is no need to go beyond the textbook, lectures, workbooks and the readings relevant to
your chosen aspect for this assignment.
Some sub-topics will only use the textbook (and the lecture and/or tutorial), while other aspects will
use a tutorial reading. For example, if you choose ‘self-esteem’ as a sub-topic of Self & Identty, you
would be expected to use the short readings linked from this secton of this Workbook.
Word count for the Model Entry over the next two pages (not including headings) = 499
(Each of your three entries is to be a maximum of 500 words, not countng the prescribed headings.)
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 11

BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 12

References
(You will provide a reference list, on a separate page, at the end of your Learning Journal, not afer
each entry.) The example given is Western Sydney University Harvard Style.
Myers, DG & Passmore, N 2016, ‘Helping and prosocial behaviour’, in T Grifn (ed.) 101557: the
individual in society, 3rd edn, McGrawHill Australia, North Ryde, Australia, pp. 323-368.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 13
The following note is from the APA and Harvard referencing resources provided in vUWS.
Note: When you cite informaton spoken about in a lecture that has gone unpublished it is treated
as a personal communicaton and you do not need to provide a reference list entry because there
is no recoverable data. All details are provided in the text.
While this is technically correct, the lectures for The Individual in Society are published in vUWS as
slides and Online Lectures that can be downloaded, so informaton is recoverable.
It is your choice whether to include the relevant lecture in the reference list or not. The main thing
is that lectures are referenced appropriately in-text and it is clear what lecture is being referred to.
Self and identty
1. Self-awareness
The aim of this sub-topic is to get you thinking about self-awareness and what influences our selfawareness.
Review Lecture Topic 5.3.
Afer watching lecture 5.3 provide a defniton of self-awareness below.
Note down some of the benefts and costs of self-awareness.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 14
Objectve self-awareness
How does Dr Grifn defne objectve self-awareness in lecture 5.3?
Identfy some of your different types of selves below. You can include examples of public or private
selves, your ideal selves or any other self that you have identfed.
How does self-awareness form?
Using this artcle, the text and the lectures how do you think self-awareness forms?
htps://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-awareness-2795023
Examples of self-awareness
Spotlight effect and the illusion of Transparency
Think about a tme when you have felt like everyone was looking at or notcing you. What
happened? How did it make you feel? Write about it below.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 15
Read your textbook – Myers and Haslam (2016, pp. 75-77), Myers (2013, pp. 66-68) or Myers (2010,
pp. 60-62) about the spotlight effect and the illusion of transparency.
What is the spotlight effect?
What is the illusion of transparency?
Reflecton: Something to think about is how what you have learned about the spotlight effect and
the illusion of transparency can help you in future situatons.
Have we started yet?
How is this relevant to Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2?
You have just learned about the sub-topic, the spotlight effect and illusion of transparency, and how
it applies to your social world. That could be the sub-topic you chose for your frst Learning Journal
entry.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 16
Yes, we have started.
2. Self-Concept – Who am I?
Read the secton on self-concept in your textbook.
The aim of this sub-topic actvity is to help your understanding of the relatonships between your
self-concept and what makes you who you are.
That sounds complex, but the actvites in this workbook will help to break down the different ideas.
As a general note, complex-sounding topics at university can be broken down into parts to help
make them easier to understand – and to write about.
Self-Concept: Who am I?
Complete the ‘I am …’ statements below:

This is a partal picture of who you are – a ‘self-schema’.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 17
Briefly defne ‘self-schema’ using your own words, based on the defniton near the start of chapter 2
of your textbook under the heading ‘Self-concept: Who am I?’
Have another look at your ‘I am …’ statements.
Do any of your statements describe your:
· Individual characteristcs (e.g. I am outgoing; I am shy)?
· ‘Social identty’ (e.g. I am a student; I am son / daughter / husband / wife etc.)?
· Interests (e.g. I am good at reading; I am good at badminton)?
Which type of statements did you think of frst? Which do you have more of?
From this actvity, would you say your individual, social identty or interests are more important to
you?
Read this artcle
htps://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-a-self-schema-2795026
How do the I am statements above relate to your self-schemas? Do they guide your behaviours?
How?
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 18
Go to page 89 of the textbook. What are the two elements of Self-Concept described in the
summing up secton?
1.
2.
What are some of your possible selves
You might like to read page 78 of the text to help you with this task.
Self-Concept and culture
In lecture module 5.2 Dr Grifn and the text (pages 80 & 81) discuss cultural notons of self. They use
the lens of Interdependent and Independent constructs of self.
For many years research psychologists assumed that Western cultures foster seeing oneself as
independent from others (egocentric), whereas the rest of the world’s cultures foster seeing oneself
as interdependent with others (sociocentric). Critcs have argued that this view of cultural diversity
is too simplistc.
Contemporary research on self and self-concept shows a rich picture of diversity in cultural models
of selfood. Independence and Interdependence are multfaceted, and they should not be seen as
opposites or unidimensional.
For example. This piece by Aileen Moreton-Robinson explores Indigenous subjectvity as one that
forms unity between humans and earth.
htps://www.abc.net.au/religion/our-story-is-in-the-land-indigenous-sense-of-belonging/11159992
Read the above artcle. How does Aileen Moreton-Robinson describe an ontological relatonship to
country?
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 19
If you are interested in current psychological research that goes beyond the ‘East-West’ dichotomy
have a look at the following journal artcle.
Vignoles, V. L., Owe, E., Becker, M., Smith, P. B., Easterbrook, M. J., Brown, R.,…Bond, M. H. (2016).
Beyond the ‘east–west’ dichotomy: Global variaton in cultural models of selfood. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: General, 145(8), 966–1000. htp://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xge0000175
3. Self-Esteem
Read the secton on self-esteem in your textbook.
How many tmes have you heard ‘poor self-esteem’ as an explanaton for a person’s lack of
motvaton, under performance or just feeling bad?
If having ‘high self-esteem’ is good for our overall well-being, then the higher our self-esteem the
beter, right?
What is your self-esteem?
Complete the brief Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), the most frequently used instrument in the
literature for assessing global self-esteem
Below is a list of statements dealing with your general feelings about yourself. If you strongly agree,
circle (or highlight) the number in the box in column 1. If you agree, circle (or highlight) the number
in the box in column 2, and so on.

BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 20

Add up the numbers you have circled or highlighted.
Scores range from 0 – 30 with higher scores indicatng higher self-esteem.
The SES is designed to assess the degree to which people are generally satsfed. People with global
self-esteem are more likely to accept their appearance, abilites, and so forth. That is, feeling good
about oneself in a general way casts a rosy glow over one’s specifc self-schemas.
Reference
Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image (Rev. ed.). Hanover, NH:
UniversityPress of New England.
What do you make of your score on the SES? Does the score make sense to you? Why or why not?
How is self-esteem defned in your textbook? Use your own words to explain the meaning of selfesteem.
Self-esteem motvaton
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Read pages 90 & 91 of the textbook. Write some notes on self-esteem motvaton. How might this
relate to you?
Narcissism
People generally consider high self-esteem to be a good thing. However, your textbook talks about
the ‘dark side’ of self-esteem and illustrates the point by saying that Hitler had very high selfesteem. This point relates to ‘narcissism’.
What is ‘narcissism’? What is the main difference between narcissism and high self-esteem? (Refer
to your textbook.)
Self-esteem, selfes and self-presentaton
Recent research seems to suggest that taking selfes can be a positve experience for some or lead to
feelings of lower self-esteem for others.
Do you take selfes? Why? Even if you don’t, how do you feel about this act of self-presentaton?
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 22
Read the following artcle. What are some of the debates psychologists have about self-esteem and
selfes? Do you agree?
htps://digest.bps.org.uk/2020/03/12/taking-selfes-is-probably-fne-for-your-self-esteem-editngthem-might-not-be/
Make some visual notes while listening to this Ted Talk by Charisse L’Pree Corsbie Massay about
selfes. Please see the workbook 1 exercise on visual note taking.
htps://alum.mit.edu/slice/self-worth-selfe
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 23
Applying a sub-topic to your social world
The marking sheet for Reflecton (Learning Journal) 2 has a criterion for “Relevance to social world”.
This is where you apply your understanding of the sub-topic from the summary to your social world.
Part of a thoughtul applicaton is to understand how your behaviour and attudes have changed
afer learning about your chosen sub-topic.
Do you to understand these criteria for the applicaton secton? What are the differences between a
pass grade submission and a higher graded submission? Write your responses below.
Pick one of the sub-topics from Self & Identty.
Pick an experience or real-life example that is relevant to the sub-topic
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 24
Explain the links between the example and the sub-topic: how the concepts of the sub-topic are
applied to the social world.
Provide some inital thoughts about how your behaviours and attudes might have changed since
learning about this sub-topic.
You can use the notes from the actvites above to draf your Learning Journal entry on Self &
Identty that you submit for marking.
BEHV1021 The Individual in Society – Workbook – Tutorial 2 Self and Identty – AUT 2023 page 25